2011～2014年山东铁路辖区供水水质监测

Analysis on the monitoring of water quality in Shandong railway administration,2011-2014

目的 了解山东铁路辖区供水水质的卫生安全状况。方法 根据GB 5750-2006《生活饮用水标准》检验方法对山东铁路辖区2011~2014年水质进行检测,并根据GB 5749-2006《生活饮用水卫生标准》对检测结果进行评价和分析,分析指标主要包括微生物指标、毒理指标、感官性状和一般化学指标、消毒指标。结果 2011~2014年共检测生活饮用水765份,平均合格率为40.58%,各年合格率为34.86%、36.67%、42.03%、48.77%,呈上升趋势（P〈0.05）。在枯水期和丰水期中,平均合格率集中供水（51.39%、41.91%）均高于分散供水（40.41%、25.93%）（P〈0.05）;各指标平均合格率依次为毒理指标（硝酸盐氮为98.17%）、微生物指标（菌落总数、总大肠菌群、耐热大肠菌群为92.42%）、感观指标（浑浊度、肉眼可见物为92.16%）、消毒指标（游离余氯为90.46%）、一般化学指标（铁、锰、氯化物、硫酸盐、溶解性总固体、总硬度为79.08%）。对于集中供水,微生物、消毒指标平均合格率枯水期（98.15%、96.30%）均高于丰水期（93.78%、89.21%）,一般化学指标平均合格率枯水期（76.85%）低于丰水期（84.65%）。对于分散式供水,微生物、消毒指标平均合格率枯水期（93.84%、87.67%）均高于丰水期（81.48%、79.01%）,一般化学指标平均合格率枯水期（70.55%）低于丰水期（81.48%）。结论 山东铁路辖区生活饮用水整体合格率不高,有待进一步提高。

Objective To understand the conditions of hygienic safety of water quality in the Shandong railway adminis- Methods According to the national standard testing method for the drinking water（ GB 5749-2006 and GB 5750-2006） ,the drinking water quality of Shandong railway administration during 2011-2014 was detected,and the detection results were analyzed and evaluated. Analysis indicators included microbial indicators, toxicology indicators, sensory characteristics,and general chemical indicators and disinfection indicators. Results A total of 765 samples were detected during 2011-2014. The median qualification rate was 40. 58%. The qualified rate of each year was 34.86%, 36.67%, 42.03% ,and 48.77% respectively,which was on the rise（ P 〈0.05）. In the dry season and the wet season,the median qualification rate of centralized water supply（51.39% ,41.91 % ） was higher than that of dispersed water supply（40.41%, 25.93%）（ P 〈0.05）. The median qualification rate of each indicator was toxicological indicator （nitrate nitrogen, 98. 17 % ）, microbial indicator （total bacteria, total coliform, thermotolerant coliform, 92.42% ）, sensory indicator （turbidity, visible substance 92.16 % ）, disinfection indicator （ free residual chlorine, 90.46 %）, the general chemical indicator （ i ron, manganese, chloride, sulfate, total dissolved solids, total hardness, 79.08% ）. For concentrated water supply, the median qualification rate of indicators of microbial, disinfection in dry season（98.15 %, 96.30%） was higher than that in wet season（93.78 %, 89.21 % ）, the median qualification rate of indicators of general chemical in dry season（76.85 % ）was lower than that in wet season（84.65 %）. For decentralized water supply, the median qualification rate of indicators of microbial, disinfection in dry season（93.84 %. 87.67 % ） was higher than that in wet season（81.48 %. 79.01 % ）, the median qualification rate of indicators of general chemical in dry season（70.55 %）was lower than that in wet season（81.48%）. Conclusion The total qualification rate of the drinking water is low in Shandong railway administration,which should be further improved.