语言哲学的困局与出路——以维特根斯坦语言哲学及其解读为例

Predicament of the philosophy of language and its possible solution:An interpretation of Wittgenstein's philosophy of language

20世纪后半叶以来,由于受到后现代主义哲学家和语言学家的批评和拒斥,语言哲学由盛转衰。再加上分析哲学内部的心灵哲学、政治哲学等分支学科渐趋强势,语言哲学的发展陷入了困境。语言哲学家们牢牢守住语言哲学的基本问题,努力寻求新的出路。维特根斯坦是影响最大的语言哲学家,对于他的前后期思想历来有不同的解读方式。围绕维特根斯坦语言哲学的解读问题而形成的语言实在论和语言唯心论之间的对立与争论,正继续推动着语言哲学的发展。

Since the late 20 th century,the philosophy of language has declined due to the critique and refutation of post- modernists and linguists. In the meantime,with the philosophy of mind and the political philosophy becoming more and more powerful within the tradition of analytical philosophy,the development of the philosophy of language has fallen into a predicament. However,the philosophers of language have been making great efforts to get rid of the predicament by sticking to the basic issues of their discipline. As the most influential in the school of the philosophy of language,Ludwig Wittgenstein's early and later thoughts have been attracting various readings. The controversies over the realist reading and idealist reading of Wittgenstein's philosophy of language will push the research of the philosophy of language forward as usual.