童心哲学史论——古代中国人对儿童的发现

A Historical Treatise on Philosophy of the Heart of the Newborn:“Discovery of the Child”by Ancient Chinese Thinkers

中国的童心主义哲学有悠远的历史。从先秦老子、孟子,经由宋明心学,到泰州学派的罗汝芳,尤其是到李贽那里,童心主义成熟起来,而成为具有现代气息的学说。李贽的下狱自戕,标志着童心主义所肩负的中国思想现代转型的使命在中国遭遇挫败。童心主义与西方现代学说多有可会通之处,例如,童心、赤子概念与卢梭的"自然人"概念是相通的,童心主义与卢梭教育学是相通的,与马克思主义亦多有可通约之处。"童心"(或"赤子之心")比其他概念能更好地体现彻底的自然主义和彻底的人本主义。童心主义主张,社会、文化、政治、伦理、教育等领域的建设应当彻底回归人之自然规定性,这为人解脱异化、获得解放奠定了理论基础,为中国文化乃至全球文明的发展指明了方向。

The philosophy of the heart of the newborn has a long history in China. Due to the contributions made by the scholars ranging from Lao Zi and Mencius in the pre-Qin period,via the School of Mind in the Song and Ming dynasties,to Luo Rufang and in particular to Li Zhi of the Taizhou School,the philosophy of the heart of the newborn became mature with modern features. Li Zhi＇s imprisonment and suicide marked a great setback in the modern transformation of traditional Chinese thoughts,which had been the mission for the philosophy of the heart of the newborn. There are many similarities between the philosophy of the heart of the newborn and modern western theories. For example,the concept of ＂the new born＂or ＂the heart of the newborn＂is similar to Rousseau＇s＂natural man＂,and the philosophy of the heart of the newborn is somewhat commensurate with Rousseau＇s pedagogy as well as Marxism. The concept of ＂the heart of the newborn＂can better reflect the thoroughgoing naturalism and thoroughgoing humanism than other concepts. The philosophy of the heart of the newborn advocates that the construction of society,culture,politics,ethics,education and other categories should return to human nature. This has not only set a theoretical foundation for the relief of man＇s alienation as well as for obtaining man＇s liberation,but pointed out the direction for the development of Chinese culture and the world civilization as well.