湖泊型国家级风景名胜区的旅游效率特征、类型划分及其提升路径

Tourism Efficiency Evaluation,Classification and Ascension Path of Lake-type Chinese National Scenic Area

通过分析中国国家级湖泊风景名胜区的发展趋势和旅游效率,探讨湖泊风景名胜区的旅游效率总体特征、空间格局及类型,提出发展措施和建议。研究表明:1湖泊风景名胜区的数量和旅游收益呈增长趋势,湖泊旅游资源开发已由著名的湖泊转向一般性湖泊,单体湖泊开发增多,湖泊旅游产品多元化。2湖泊风景名胜区的旅游效率偏低,处于规模收益递增阶段的景区较多;分解效率中,规模效率较高,纯技术效率较低;纯技术效率对综合效率的解释能力强于规模效率,相关系数达到0.72,是导致综合效率偏低的主要因素。3根据效率得分将38个湖泊风景名胜区划分为技术进步提升型、资源配置能力提升型、规模投入提升型和综合提升型,提出了不同效率类型景区的提升路径。

As one of the important tourism products, lake tourism develops rapidly. However, lake tourism research significantly lags behind its practice. This article analyzes the development trend and tourism efficiency of natural-level lake scenic area in China, and reveals the efficiency characteristics and spatial distribution characteristics. Based on which we divide it into four types, and finally puts forward the development measures and suggestions. The results show that： 1） the number and tourism income of natural-level lake scenic area are growing, lake tourism resource development has transferred from famous lake to general lakes. Tourism product types are diversified, while regional differences are fairly obvious. 2） The tourism efficiencies of natural-level lake scenic area are relatively low, the majority are still in the process of increasing returns of scales.Through decompositions of overall efficiency, the results show that the scale efficiencies are higher while pure technical efficiencies are lower. The interpretation ability of the pure technical efficiency on the overall efficiency ability is stronger than the scale efficiency, whose correlation coefficient is 0.722, is the major reason for the low overall efficiency. 3） We divide these 38 natural-level lake scenic area into four types according to the efficiency characteristics. The formation with higher efficiency is correlated with development period of lake resources, tourism capital investment and location conditions. The fourteen lake scenic spots have two of the following four characteristics at least. First of all, they are famous in the whole country or the whole region. As the high quality tourism resources, lakes can be developed to tourism products with large market competitiveness with higher output. Secondly, due to the early development period, traffic facilities and service facilities of the lake scenic spots are perfect, the experience and technology of product maintenance and marketing are more mature, also, the lake scenic spots are liable to contact with the neighboring scenic spots to form regional tourism routes. Thirdly, the moderate lake area is help to development, and the centralized production factors could enhance the level of construction operations. Last but not at least, the high economic development level of the cities which the 14 lake scenic spots rely on, the mature tourism market of these cities, the close distance between lake scenic spots and the central downtowns, as well as the good development of other types of tourism products nearby, make lake tourism products have the opportunity to merge with other types of tourism product to better development.