煤炭资源型城市产业结构锁定的形成、演化及机理研究——以淮北市为例

The Path,Evolution and Mechanism of the Industry Structure Locking-in for the Coal Resource-based City:A Case Study of HuaiBei

运用偏离-份额分析法跟踪研究了淮北市工业结构演替过程,结果表明:淮北市产业结构锁定效应显著。在中兴期及以前时期,工业结构长期锁定在煤炭采掘、电力、纺织与服装加工、农副食品加工4个主要行业;进入衰退转型期后,以精细化工、建材加工、机械制造、金属冶炼与加工等为代表的接续替代行业兴起,工业结构逐步解锁。通过对淮北市工业结构相似性系数、工业行业集中系数、产出锁定系数、就业锁定系数演化的分析,认为煤炭资源型城市产业结构锁定形成与演化会经历产业导入期、弱锁定期、中度锁定期、强锁定期、解锁期5个阶段,且各阶段的产业结构特征相异。最后,从资源因素、社会因素、技术因素、市场因素、产业政策因素以及观念因素6个方面分析了煤炭资源型城市产业结构锁定形成和演化的机理。

The industry structure locking-in is a common economic phenomenon, which is also not conducive to the resource-based cities＇ sustainable development obviously. Huaibei is a typical coal resource-based city,which being have development foundations. The resource-based industry occupies an important proportion in the national economy, and the industrial structure locking-in is serious in long development terms. This paper makes the tracking study on the succession process of the industrial structure by shift-share analysis method for Huaibei. The research reveals some truth for us. Before the period of prosperity, the industrial structure had been locked in the coal mining industry, the electricity industry, the textile and clothing processing industry,and the agricultural product processing industry. During the recession period, the alternative industry, such as the industry of fine chemicals, the building material processing industry, the machinery manufacturing industry, the metal smelting industry and the metal product industry, developed gradually. In the transition development period, the locked industry deblocked step by step. For the difference, which between the industrial structure similarity coefficient, the Industrial concentration coefficient, the output locking-in coefficient, and the employment locking-in coefficient in different stages, were notable. The formation and evolution Process of the coal resource-based cities＇ industry locking-in includes five stages, that are the industrial introduction period,the minor locking in period, the medium locking in period, the serious locking in period, and the deblocking period. Each of these factors, including the resource endowment, the social, the technical, the market, the industrial policy and the people＇s idea, had influence on the coal resource-based cities＇ industry locking-in. The alternative industries, which selected and cultivated in the transition development period, should be based on the existing industrial base.