孕期膳食及体质量增长情况对妊娠期糖尿病发病的影响

Influence of pregnant diet and body mass growth on onset of gestational diabetes mellitus

目的探讨孕期膳食及体质量增长情况对妊娠期糖尿病发病的影响和糖尿病筛查试验对妊娠期糖尿病发病的预测价值。方法从2012年3月至2014年3月收治的妊娠期糖尿病孕妇中选取2 614例为观察组,另选取同期健康产检孕妇2 600例为对照组,观察两组孕妇营养素摄入情况,各年龄段孕期体质量增长情况及糖尿病筛查值对空腹血糖水平预测情况。结果观察组产能营养素摄入量除蛋白质外,其他明显高于对照组,非产能营养素中,除钙、铁、锌摄入差异无统计学意义外,硒摄入量明显低于对照组,维生素E摄入量明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组孕期体质量总增长值明显高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);糖尿病筛查值与空腹血糖水平呈正相关关系。结论在妊娠期糖尿病中,孕期膳食及体质量增长情况均为重要影响因素,而糖尿病筛查试验在妊娠期糖尿病中具有较高预测价值。

Objective To study the influence of pregnant diet and body mass growth on the onset of gestational diabetes mellitus（GDM）and to investigate the predictive value of DM screening test to GDM onset.Methods2 614 cases selected from the pregnant women with GDM in our hospital from March 2012 to March 2014 were taken as the observation group,and contemporaneous 2 600 healthy pregnant women undergoing antenatal detection were selected as the control group.The nutrients intake,body mass gain during pregnant period at different age groups,predictive situation of DM screening value on the fasting blood glucose were observed in the two groups.Results Except proteins,the other energy-yielding nutrient intake amount in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group,among non-energy-yielding nutrient intake,except for calcium,ferrum,zinc,selenium in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group,while the vitamin E was significantly higher than that in the control group,the differences were statistically significant（P〈0.05）;the total growth value of weight mass during pregnant period in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group,the difference was statistically significant（P〈0.05）;the DM screening value was positively correlated with the fasting blood glucose level.Conclusion In GDM,diet and body mass growth during pregnant period are the important influencing factors,while the DM screening test has higher predictive value for GDM.