反映肢体残疾人日常生活活动能力的主要指标筛选

Principal Items Respond to Activities of Daily Living for Persons with Physical Disability

目的调查最能反映肢体残疾人日常生活自理能力的主要指标。方法对肢体残疾人进行入户调查。要求受访残疾人从3个层次,27个日常生活活动项目中选择3个与自身日常生活活动能力最为相关的项目。结果共发放调查表1960份,回收有效调查表1862份。在所有肢体残疾人中,与个人卫生相关的如厕、个人清洁、洗澡3项共被选899次(16.1%);与健康相关的小区诊所看病和小区锻炼共被选570次(10.2%);与社交相关的聊天和打电话共被选500次(9.0%)。一级肢体残疾人主要选择进食、个人卫生、转移和娱乐,二级残疾人主要选择个人卫生和家务活动,三级残疾人主要选择个人卫生、社区活动和家务活动,四级残疾人主要选择社区活动和参与交流。结论个人卫生、健康状况以及社会参与是肢体残疾人最为关注的方面。随着残疾程度减轻,反映自理能力的主要功能活动从完成个人清洁增加至家务自理、参与社区活动等方面。

Objective To investigate the principal indicators of self-care ability in activities of daily living for the persons with physical disability. Methods Persons with physical disability were asked to select the top 3 items out of 27 items of activities of daily living in 3 lev-els. Results A total of 1960 questionnaires were send out, and 1862 were returned. For all the subjects, the items related with personal hy-giene, such as toileting, self-cleaning and bathing, were selected 899 times （16.1%）. The items related with personal health, as visiting com-munity clinics and community exercising, were selected 570 times （10.2%）. The items related with social interaction, as making a telephone and chatting, were selected 500 times （9.0%）. For the persons with physical disability of first grade, the major items most selected were eat-ing, entertaining, self-cleaning and transferring;and self-cleaning and housework for those of second grade;self-cleaning, community activi-ties and housework for those of third grade;and community and interaction for those of fourth grade. Conclusion The persons with physical disability mostly focused on the activities related with personal hygiene, health and social interaction, and varied with the severity of disabili-ty, from self-cleaning to housework and social participation.