从《莫班小姐》及其序言看戈蒂耶的美学思想

Théophile Gautier's Aesthetics Thought in Mademoiselle de Maupin and its Preface

作为法国唯美主义的代表人物,戈蒂耶的思想集中体现在小说《莫班小姐》及其序言中:首先,他肯定艺术的独立价值,指出艺术与道德和功用无关;其次,将艺术的价值界定在形式层面,认为艺术品的美主要指形式美;再次,认为美是人为的,而非自然的。若把戈蒂耶放在审美现代性的进程中衡量其意义,以上观念可以说是对审美现代性的认同和展开,他与司汤达、雨果、波德莱尔一道,共同推动了审美现代性的进程。

As a practitioner of the french aestheticism, Gautier＇s thought is embodied in the novel Mademoiselle de Maupin and its preface： Firstly,he affirmed independence of art, and pointed out that art has nothing to do with the moral and function. Secondly, he defined the value of art in the form of level, and believed formal beauty of art. Thirdly, he affirmed that beauty was arti- ficial. If yon put these ideas in the process of aesthetic modernity, it could be said Gautier partici- pated in and promoted this process, like as Stendhal, Hugo and Baudelaire.