高产能籽瓜破碎取籽机的改进及试验

Design and improvement study on the high capacity crushing seed melon machine

高产能籽瓜破碎取籽机是籽加工过程中的关键设备,可一次性完成籽瓜瓜籽、瓜瓤和瓜皮的分离.根据目前机型存在的产能低,瓜籽的损失率大,脱净率、洁净率低等问题,对取籽机的关键部件破碎辊和一级破碎分离装置中的分离辊进行改进设计.在破碎辊轴上安装扁刃型瓜刀,并在瓜刀下方设有刀砧,瓜刀能迅速抓住下落的籽瓜并将其强制向下切成两瓣.分离辊根据人手掏瓜的动作,采用仿生手结构.针对整机性能的影响因素进行正交试验,采用模糊综合评价法对试验结果进行分析,结果表明,影响整机性能的因素主次顺序为:分离辊锥度>一级破碎分离装置主轴转速>分离辊与主轴角度>破碎辊转速.优选参数组合为:破碎辊的转速45r/min、分离辊锥度2°、一级破碎分离装置主轴转速98.5r/min、仿生手结构辊刀与主轴角度12°.重复试验表明,该破碎取籽机的瓜籽损失率<1%,瓜籽脱净率>98%,洁净率>98%,可满足籽瓜加工的指标要求.

High capacity and crushing seed melon machine is the key equipment in the seed production line.It can completely separate seeds,flesh and melons by one time.According to the problems of low efficiency and clean rate and high seed loss rate,the improved design was carried out on the key components of the seed machine,the crushing roller and separation roller in the crushing separation device.On the crushing roller,flat blades and anvil knife were installed,the blades could quickly grasp seed melon and squeeze it into two pieces.The separation roller using bionic hand structure,modeling people＇s action,which could dig melon flesh and pull them out.According to the effecting factors on the working ability of the machine,the orthogonal experiment was performed and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method was used to analyze the test results.The results showed that the factors affecting the overall performance of the machine taking the order of separating roller taper,a crusher spindle speed separation apparatus,a separation roller and the spindle rotation angle and the crushing roller.The combination of parameters were as follows,crushing roller speed was 45r/min,the separation roller taper was 2°,the spindle speed of the separation device was 98.5r/min,bionic hand structure roller cutter and the spindle angle was 12°.Repeat tests showed that the loss rate of the seed crushing machines was less than 1 %,the net rate was higher than 98%,clean rate was higher than 98%,meeting the requirements of watermelon index processing.