当代中国家庭结构的变迁及其社会影响

Changes of Family Structure and Their Social Influence in Contemporary China

在历次全国人口普查的数据基础上,分析我国当代家庭结构的基本变化趋势,讨论家庭结构变迁带来的社会影响。结果显示,迄今我国家庭结构仍然保持以核心家庭为主体,直系家庭占相当比例,复合家庭逐渐减少的模式;并出现夫妇核心家庭、隔代直系家庭、单人家庭比例升高,而单亲家庭比例下降的新特点;家庭规模小型化、核心家庭空巢化、单人家庭和再婚家庭的扩大化给社会和家庭带来了新的挑战,出现了老年人尤其是农村"空巢"老人的养老保障缺失,"留守儿童"和重组家庭子女的教养困难,以及适龄男性的婚配难度加大等一系列亟待解决的社会问题。

Based on the previous national census data,we analyzed the changing tendency of family structure in contemporary China,and discussed the social influence they had brought about. The study turns out that,so far,China＇s family structure maintains the pattern with nuclear family remaining dominant,immediate family accounting for a considerable proportion and composite family gradually reducing. Meanwhile,some new characteristics emerge that the ratio of couple core family, grandparent lineal family and single-person are increasing,whereas single-parent family is declining. The trend of family size miniaturization,empty-nested nuclear family as well as single-person household and stepfamily expansion have brought new challenges to the family and society,of which the problems of old-age security institution missing,especially for rural ＂empty nest elders＂, ＂left-behind children＂ and stepchildren＇s upbringing difficulty and increasing mating difficulty for marriageable male urgently need to be addressed.