干旱灌溉区高密核桃园改优技术研究

The Study of Reconstruction Technology Optimization of High Density Walnut Orchard in Droughty and Irrigational Area

【目的】研究新疆核桃主产区密植园"株间郁闭、行间封行",核桃产量和品质逐年下降等问题,采用集成配套高密核桃园改造技术,改善园内通风透光条件,提高核桃产量和品质。【方法】对高密核桃园进行"大树隔株移植",测定改造与对照核桃园树冠结构特征、光合参数以及产量和品质。【结果】改造区(6 m×5 m)与对照区(3 m×5 m)树体和叶片生长指标差异显著,且净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、瞬间水分利用效率(WUE),瞬间光能利用效率(LUE)均高于对照区。改造区产量有所下降,但单株结果数和单果重均显著增加,果实品质显著提高。【结论】采取"大树间伐(或移植)"调整核桃园群体结构技术,改造高密核桃园,提高核桃产量和品质是可行的。

[ Objective ] In order to alleviate the problem of plant - to - row canopy and yield and quality of walnut decreased year by year in Xinjiang, the reconstruction technology of high density walnut orchard was adopted for bettering ventilation and light conditions, improving the yield and quality of walnut. [ Method ] The walnut trees were transplanted and the walnut orchard canopy structure characteristics and photosynthetic parameters and yield and quality were determined in the transforming region and control area. [ Result ] The growth indices of the tree and leaves had significant differences in the transformation （6 m × 5 m） and the con- trol area （3 m × 5 m）, and net photosynthetic rate （ Pn）, stomatal conductance （ Gs）, water use efficiency （ WUE）, light use efficiency （LUE） were higher than those in the control area. Production of transforming region declined, but the number of fruits per plant and fruit weight were increased significantly, so did the fruit quality. [ Conclusion] Taking tree thinning （or transferring）, walnut population structures were adjusted. ,% it was feasible to improve the yield and quality of walnut by means of transforming high density walnut orchard.