塔里木河叶尔羌高原鳅种群动态研究

Studies on the Population Dynamics of Triplophysa (Hedinichthys) yarkandensis (Day) in the Tarim River

【目的】研究塔里木河叶尔羌高原鳅种群数量变动及资源评估。【方法】2010年7月至2011年12月,在塔里木河干流阿拉尔段,采集叶尔羌高原鳅940尾,运用资源评估方式,研究叶尔羌高原鳅种群生态学。【结果】塔里木河阿拉尔段叶尔羌高原鳅种群总死亡系数(Z),雌性为0.298/年,雄性为0.400/年;种群自然死亡系数(M),雌雄分别为0.257/年和0.286/年;捕捞死亡系数(F),雌雄分别为0.041/年和0.114/年。叶尔羌高原鳅的开发率(E),雌雄分别为0.138/年和0.285/年,该种群目前开发不合理。叶尔羌高原鳅属于r-选择生活类型鱼类。在生态资源管理中,叶尔羌高原鳅最大持续渔获物MSY=0.000 122,捕捞努力量F_(MSY)=0.006 85。【结论】塔里木河阿拉尔段叶尔羌高原鳅未得到合理的开发,大个体鱼类数量锐减,繁殖潜力低,年龄结构不合理,小型化趋势明显,种群资源遭到破坏,亟待保护。

[ Objective ] The purpose of this project aims to investigate the aquatic organisms in Tarim River. The assessments of water habits, population growth, reproductive biology, population dynamic and resources were used to study and analyze the population ecology of Triplophysa （Hedinichthys） yarkandensis （Day）. [ Method ] 940 Triplophysa （ Hedinichthys ） yarkandensis （Day） were collected in Alar section of the Tarim River from July 2010 to December 2011 for the ecological study the community of the fish. [Result] The total mortality was 0.298/year for females and 0. 400/year for males in Alar section of the Tarim River. Natural mortality was 0. 257/year for females and 0.286/year for males, and fishing mortality was 0.041/year for females and 0. 114/year for males. Exploitation level of Triplophysa （Hediniehthys） yarkandensis （Day） was 0. 138/year for females and 0.285/year for males, showing that the population did not develop reasonably. The life history pattern of Triplophysa （Hedinichthys） yarkandensis （Day） belonged to r - selection. The maximum sustainable yield was 0.000 122, the fishing effort was 0.006 85. [ Conclusion] Dont that the unreasonable system developing, T. （H.）yarkandensis （Day） so that big fishes reduced, has low fecundity, unreasonable age structure, miniaturization of fish, in order to protect the resources of T. （ H. ） yarkandensis （Day） in Alar section of the Tarim River.