基于高体分SiC_p/Al材料的空间相机主支撑结构研制

Development of Welded Space Camera Supporting Structure Based on High Volume SiC_p/Al Composites

作为空间相机光学元件的载体,主支撑结构对于确保光学元件相对位置的长期准确稳定具有决定性作用。由于具有比刚度高、热稳定性好等优点,高体分碳化硅颗粒增强铝基(SiC_p/Al)复合材料非常适用于航天光机结构。利用超声波钎焊技术可以解决高体分SiC_p/Al材料的焊接问题,这为其在空间相机主支撑结构上的应用奠定了基础。介绍了一种基于高体分SiC_p/Al材料的某空间相机的主支撑结构。通过工程分析比较了同一主支撑结构分别采用TC4和高体分SiC_p/Al两种材料时的力学性能差异。结果表明,采用高体分SiC_p/Al材料制成的主支撑结构在质量上轻了31.8%,在一阶频率上高了25%。通过力热试验可知,该主支撑结构在焊缝强度和尺寸稳定性等方面均满足使用要求。

As a currier of the optical elements in a space camera, the main supporting structure of the space camera plays a decisive role in making the relative positions of optical elements accurate and stable for a long time. Because of the advantages of high specific stiffness and high thermal stability, high volume SiCp/Al composites are very suitable for making opto-mechanical structures for space application. Since the ultrasonic-aided brazing technique can solve the welding problem of high volume SiCp/Al composites, it has laid a foundation for the application of high volume SiCp/Al composites in the main supporting structures of space cameras. A main supporting structure for a certain space camera based on high volume SiCp/Al composites is presented. The mechanical properties of two similar main supporting structures made of TC4 and high volume SiCp/Al composites respectively are analyzed. The results show that the weight of the main supporting structure made of high volume SiCp/Al composites decreases by 31.8% and the first-order frequency increases by 25%. It is known in the mechanical and thermal tests that the main supporting structure meets the requirements in weld strength and size stubility.