滇藏线3个高海拔地区近地空气微生物菌群调查分析

Investigative and analysis on microbial flora in the air from 3 high altitude districts along the Dian-Zang line

目的对滇藏线沿线地区山脉空气中微生物数量分布及药敏情况进行调查分析。方法分别在香格里拉、德钦及芒康3个地区选取海拔相近的4个山脉的阳坡面和阴坡面作为采样点,按平皿落菌法采集空气微生物,培养后应用TREK DIAGNOSTIC SYSTEMS LTD全自动微生物鉴定仪进行细菌和真菌的分离鉴定,药敏试验采用K-B法。结果香格里拉、德钦和芒康3个地区分别分离出细菌591株、446株、292株;真菌30株、33株、16株。3个地区阴坡微生物总数明显高于阳坡(P<0.05),空气中微生物以细菌为主(95.0%),真菌数量较少(5.0%)。细菌中革兰阴性菌(56.0%)多于革兰阳性菌(39.0%)。微生物对常用抗生素较为敏感。结论随着海拔升高,细菌种类和数量逐渐减少,真菌种类减少,但德钦地区数量偏高;药物敏感率逐渐升高。初步掌握了滇藏线沿线地区山脉空气中微生物的数量、分布及药敏情况,对感染性疾病的预防、诊断和治疗有一定的指导意义。

Objective To investigate the composition and drug sensitivity of mountain air micro-flora in the 3 districts along the Dian-Zang line. Methods Sunny slopes and shady slopes of same high altitude from 4 mountains at Shangri-La, Deqin and Markam districts were selected separately as sampling points. The air sampling was performed by plate natural sedimentation. After culture, bacterial and fungus was isolated and identified by TREK DIAGNOSTIC SYSTEMS LTD automated microbial identification system. Susceptibility testing was conducted by K-B method. Results A total of 591, 446 and 292 strains of bacteria, and 30, 33 and 16 strains of fungus were isolated from the 3 districts, separately. The total amounts of microorganism in shady slope were significantly larger than those in sunny slope （ P 〈 0.05 ）. Bacterium （95.0%） composed most of the air microorganism in the air from 3 high altitude districts, but fungus （5.0%） very less. There were more Gram-negative bacteria （56. 0% ） than Gram-positive bacteria （39.0%）. And most microorganism was sensitive to commonly used antibiotics. Conclusion With the increase of altitude, the number of species and amount of bacterium gradually are decreased, the number of fungus species is decreased, but that at Deqin is higher than the other 2 districts. The drug sensitivity of the microorganism also gets higher with the high altitude. The composition and drug sensitivity of microbial flora in the air mountain along the Dian-Zang line districts are obtained, which is valuable in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases.