红景天多糖对被动吸烟致大鼠肺氧化损伤的保护作用

Protective Effects of Rhodiola rosea Polysaccharides on Passive Smoking Induced Oxidative Injury in Rats

[目的]探讨红景天多糖对被动吸烟大鼠氧化损伤的防护效果。[方法]健康成年Wistar雄性大鼠56只,适应性饲养1周后,随机分为7组:正常对照组、阳性对照组(被动吸烟+维生素E灌胃)、模型组(被动吸烟+生理盐水)、高/低剂量灌胃组(被动吸烟+红景天多糖高/低剂量灌胃)、高/低剂量雾化组(被动吸烟组+红景天多糖高/低剂量雾化吸入组)。各被动吸烟组大鼠置于自制的染毒柜中,每天被动吸烟1次,每次12支烟,每次30 min。随后,高/低剂量灌胃组行红景天多糖灌胃1次/d,高/低剂量雾化组每天雾化3次,每日累积剂量均为1 200、600 mg·kg-1。阳性对照组每天行维生素E灌胃1次,剂量为:20 mg·kg-1,正常对照组模型组每日以同等剂量生理盐水灌胃。持续暴露35 d。检测各组大鼠血清及肺组织匀浆中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px),丙二醛(MDA)、活性氧(ROS)。[结果]高剂量雾化组大鼠的肺重量和肺系数与模型组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),接近正常对照组,其余各组均低于正常对照组(P<0.05)。与正常对照组相比,模型组大鼠血清、肺组织中SOD和GSH-Px活性下降(P<0.05),MDA、ROS含量增多(P<0.05)。高剂量灌胃组/雾化组、阳性对照组大鼠血清SOD、GSH-Px活性高于模型组(P<0.05)。红景天多糖灌胃组和雾化组大鼠肺组织匀浆中SOD含量均高于模型组(P<0.05),且接近正常对照组。高剂量灌胃组、阳性对照组、高/低剂量雾化组大鼠肺组织匀浆中MDA、ROS含量低于模型组(P<0.05),并接近正常值,其中低剂量雾化组MDA含量明显低于低剂量灌胃组(P<0.05),高剂量雾化组ROS含量低于低剂量雾化组低于高剂量灌胃组低于低剂量灌胃组,两两相互比较存在统计学意义(P<0.05)。[结论]红景天多糖对肺有特异性抗氧化保护作用,可能是通过提高SOD、GSH-Px水平,降低ROS、MDA含量拮抗被动吸烟的影响。在降低肺组织ROS、MDA含量方面,雾化给药方式优于灌胃给药方式。

[ Objective ] To investigate the protective effects of Rhodiola rosea polysacchari-des on the oxidative damage induced by passive smoking in rats. [ Methods ] Fifty-six healthy adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into seven groups ： normal control, positive control （passive smoking and vitamin E by gavage）, model （passive smoking and normal saline）, high/low dose gavage （passive smoking and Rhodiola rosea polysaccharides at high/low dose by gavage）, and high/low dose aerosol inhalation （passive smoking and Rhodiola rosea polysaccharides at high/low dose by aerosol inhalation） groups. All rats assigned passive smoking were placed in an exposure cabinet to receive passive smoking by a 12-cigarette-pack for 30min, 1 time a day. Next, the high/low dose garage groups were administered with Rhodiola rosen polysaecharides by gavage 1 time a day; and the high/low dose aerosol inhalation groups were administered with Rhodiola rosea polysaecharides by aerosol inhalation 3 times a day; total daily accumulated doses were 1200mg ·kg^-1 and 600rag ·kg^-1, respectively. The positive control group received vitamin E at 20mg·kg^-1 by gavage 1 time a day. The normal control group received the same dose of normal saline every day. The exposure lasted 35 d. Superoxide dismutase （SOD）, glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px）, malondialdehyde （MDA）, and reactive oxygen species （ROS） in serum and lung tissue homogenate were measured. [ Results ] The lung weight and lung coefficient of rats in the high dose aerosol inhalation group were different from those of the model group （P 〈 0.05） and close to those of the normal control group, and the other groups were lower than the normal control group for the two indicators （P 〈 0.05）. Compared with the normal control group, the SOD and GSH-Px activities in serum and lung tissue of the model group decreased （P 〈 0.05）, while the ROS and MDA contents increased （P 〈 0.05）. The SOD and GSH-Px activities in the serum of the high dose gavage group and the positive control group were higher than those in the model group （P〈0.05）. The SOD levels in the lung tissue homogenate of the high dose gavage group and the aerosol inhalation group were higher than that in the model group （P 〈 0.05） and was close to that of the normal control group. The high dose gavage group, positive control group, high/low dose aerosol inhalation had lower contents of lung tissue homogenate MDA and ROS than the model group （P〈0.05）, and close to the normal value, and the low dose aerosol inhalation group had significantly lower contents of MDA than the low dose gavage group. [ Conclusion ] Rhodiola rosea polysaccharides might have specific protective effects on lung antioxidization, probably by increasing serum SOD and GSH-Px levels while decreasing serum ROS and MDA contents to antagonize the negative effects of passive smoking. The findings also indicate that aerosol inhalation is a better way than gavage in reducing lung tissue ROS and MDA contents.