幼儿行为问题与气质特点的关系探讨

Infant's behavior problems and temperament characteristics

目的：分析幼儿行为特点并探讨早期气质因素对行为问题发生的预测能力，为医务工作者及家长提供可能的干预措施，预防并减少行为问题的发生。方法选取1周岁幼儿共220人进入研究队列，采用气质问卷进行评估，2年后采用CBCL量表进行行为评估。结果幼儿行为问题发生率25．48％，其中心身问题18．75％、抑郁8．65％、社交退缩6．73％，各种行为问题的发生率存在性别差异（χ^2＝7．316，P＝0．007）。气质维度在1岁时已经出现性别差异，男童活动水平高于女童（t＝1．960，P＝0．05），而反应阈低于女童（t＝－2．181，P＝0．03），难养型及发动缓慢型气质幼儿更容易出现行为问题。气质对行为的预测作用较弱，趋避性及节律性可以预测13．6％的社交退缩问题，心境可以预测9．1％的抑郁问题，持久性可以预测3．1％的心身问题。结论幼儿行为问题发生率较前升高，应根据气质类型及各维度分值对幼儿进行针对性的指导，以降低行为问题的发生。

Objective To analyze the characteristics of infant’s behavior and explore the predictive role of early temperament factors on behavior problems, so as to provide some interventions to prevent and reduce the incidence of behavior problems for medical staff and parents.Methods Totally 220 infants aged 1 year were chosen as study samples.Infant temperament questionnaires were used for assessment and Child Behavior Checklist （ CBCL） scale were used two years later to assess behavior.Results The incidence of infant behavior problems was 25.48%, among which 18.75% was psychosomatic problems, 8.65% was depression and 8.65% was social withdrawal.The difference in the incidence of behavior problems between genders was significant （χ2 =7.316, P=0.007） .The difference in temperament dimension emerged at the age of 1.Boys had higher level of activity （t=1.960,P=0.05） but lower response threshold than girls （t=-2.181,P=0.03）.Infants of difficult nurturing type and slow start type had higher total score of behavior problems. Temperament had weak effect on predicting behavior.The rhythmicity and approach-withdrawal could predict 13.6% of social withdrawal problems, mood could predict 9.1%of depression problems, and persistence could predict 3.1%of psychosomatic problems.Conclusion The incidence of infant behavior problems is higher than before.In order to reduce the occurrence of behavior problems, different management methods should be adopted according to different temperament types and dimension scores.