营养教育对妊娠期糖尿病患者知信行的改善

Improvement of nutrition knowledge education on KAP of patients with gestational diabetes mellitus

目的探讨营养知、信、行(KAP)教育对妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)的治疗效果。方法将126例GDM患者随机分为干预组和对照组,对照组进行常规护理并发放资料,干预组在此基础上实施为期6周的GDM知识、态度、行为营养KAP教育。比较两组在教育前和教育后糖尿病知识量表(ADKnowl)、第3版糖尿病态度量表(DAS-3)、糖尿病自我管理行为量表(SDSCA)修订版的得分及空腹血糖(FBG)、餐后2小时血糖(2hPBG)和糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)。结果干预组ADKnow1、DAS-3、SDSCA得分均提高(t_(ADKnowl)值为-2.38^-12.01,t_(DAS-3)值为-6.29^-19.82,t_(SDSCA)值为-2.90^-12.90,均P<0.05),与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(t_(ADKnowl)值为2.39~15.39,t_(DAS-3)值为5.48~20.96,t_(SDSCA)值为2.75^-14.58,均P<0.05),对照组则无明显变化。两组FBG、2hPBG、HbA1c均降低,但干预组与对照组相比效果更为明显(t值分别为-2.09、-25.44、-5.37,均P<0.05)。结论营养KAP教育可改善GDM患者知识、态度、自我管理行为和血糖状况。

Objective To study the therapeutic effect of nutritional knowledge-attitude-practice （KAP） education on gestational diabetes mellitus （ GDM） .Methods Totally 126 outpatients with GDM were randomly divided into intervention group and control group.The control group was given routine nursing care and information, while the intervention group accepted 6-week KAP nutrition education based on the treatment for the control group.The scores of the audit of diabetes knowledge（ADKnowl）, the third version of Diabetes Attitude Scale （DAS-3） and the summary of diabetes self-care activities （SDSCA） were compared between two groups before and after education, and fasting plasma glucose （FBG）, 2h postprandial glucose （2hPBG） and glycated hemoglobin （HbA1c） were compared as well.Results After the intervention, the scores of ADKnowl, DAS-3 and SDSCA increased in the intervention group （tADKnowl was -2.38-12.01,tDAS-3 was -6.29-19.8, tSDSCAwas -2.90-12.90, respectively, all P＆lt;0.05）.They were significantly different from those of the control group （tADKnowl was 2.39-15.39, tDAS-3 was 5.48-20.96, tSDSCA was 2.75-14.58, respectively, all P＆lt;0.05）.The scores of the control group did not change significantly.The FBG, 2hPBG and HbA1c decreased in both groups, but the effect was more obvious in the intervention group （t value was -2.09, -25.44 and -5.37, respectively, all P＆lt;0.05）.Conclusion The nutritional KAP education can improve the levels of knowledge, attitude, self-management behavior and the blood glucose condition in patients with GDM.