陕西省宫颈人乳头瘤病毒感染亚型分布特征分析

Distribution characteristics of human papillomavirus infection genotypes in cervix of women in Shaanxi Province

目的：明确陕西省及周边地区成年女性宫颈人乳头瘤病毒（ HPV）感染基因亚型的分布及年龄特征。方法分析2009年11月至2015年4月在西安交通大学第一附属医院妇科门诊22306例宫颈样本21种HPV基因分型检测结果。 HPV分型检测采用凯普医用核酸分子快速导流杂交基因芯片技术。结果 HPV总感染率为28．84％。高危型HPV（16、18、31、33、35、39、45、51、52、53、56、58、59、66、68）感染率为26．26％，占HPV阳性标本的91．05％；低危型HPV（6、11、42、43、44、81）感染率为4．81％；高危／低危HPV混合感染率为2．22％。感染率最高的基因亚型为HPV16（9．31％），其他常见高危亚型依次为HPV52（5．08％）、HPV58（4．99％）、HPV18（2．09％）、HPV31（1．95％）、HPV39（1．86％）、HPV33（1．74％）；常见低危亚型为 HPV6（2．02％）、11（1．56％）、81（1．02％）。 HPV总体感染率和高危HPV亚型感染高峰年龄在30～34岁之间，以后随年龄增长逐渐降低，各年龄组间HPV检出率有显著性差异（χ2值为4．743～85．971，均P＜0．05）。结论陕西省及周边地区女性宫颈HPV处于较高的感染水平；其HPV感染基因型符合亚洲人群分布规律，但有一定区域性差异；随着年龄的增高，高危型HPV感染比例逐步缓慢增加。该结果对区域宫颈癌防治和疫苗制备具指导意义。

Objective To analyze HPV genotype distribution and age characteristics among women in Shaanxi Province and areas nearby. Methods A total of 22 306 cervical scraping samples were collected from the outpatients for cervical cancer screening in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’ an Jiaotong University during November 2009 to April 2015.Twenty-one HPV genotypes were examined by PCR-based hybridization gene chip assay.Results The overall HPV infection rate was 28.84%.The infection rate of high-risk HPV （16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 53, 56, 58, 59, 66, 68） was 26.26%, which occupied 91.05% of HPV positive samples.There were 4.81%cases being confirmed to have low-risk HPV （6, 11, 42, 43, 44, 81）, and the combined infection rate of both high-risk and low-risk HPV was 2.22%.The most prevalent high-risk HPV was HPV16 （9.31%）, followed by high-risk HPV 52 （5.08%）, HPV 58 （4.99%）, HPV 18 （2.09%）, HPV 31 （1.95%）, HPV 39 （1.86%）, and HPV 33 （1.74%）, respectively.The most prevalent low-risk HPV were HPV6 （2.02%）, HPV 11 （1.56%）, and HPV 81 （1.02%）.The overall infection rate of HPV and infection rate of high-risk HPV reached peak among the women aged 30-34 years, and they declined with age increasing.The difference in HPV detection rate was significant among different age groups （χ^2 ranged 4.743-85.971, P〈0.05）.Conclusion HPV infection rate is high in Shaanxi Province and surrounding areas.The infection genotype of HPV in Shaanxi area has similar spectrum to that in Asian regions but with slight difference.The infection rate of high-risk HPV increases gradually with age increasing.These data are helpful for the cervical cancer prevention and the vaccination program in this area.