呼伦贝尔市小学生配镜状况的流行病学调查

Epidemiologic Research of Spectacles among pupils in Hulunbeir

目的了解呼伦贝尔市1-5年级学生近视现状,分析相关因素在小学生中的流行情况以及家长对近视相关信息的认识情况,进一步探讨有针对性的干预对策。方法整群抽样内蒙古呼伦贝尔市六个地区（海拉尔、根河市、牙克石市、鄂伦春旗、扎兰屯、莫力达瓦旗）1-5年级学生进行,采用问卷方式对学生及家长进行调查。结果呼伦贝尔市六个地区1-5年级学生近视率为23.7%,其中轻、中、重度视力不良检出率分别为49.4%,31.3%,19.3%;近视配镜率为34.9%;近视学生的父／母亲近视的比例高于近视学生的父／母亲非近视的比例,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.001）;父母亲学历高的子女近视率高,父母亲学历低的子女近视率低,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.001）;参加户外活动与近视有关,食用蔬菜的频率与近视无关;大部分的家长对近视的认识存在误区。结论呼伦贝尔市1-5年级学生的近视配镜率较低,建议及早对低年级小学生进行综合干预,加强对家长的教育,提高他们的用眼卫生知识水平及对近视眼预防的重视程度。

Objective To understand the status of myopia and risk factors among Grade 1-5 students in Hulunbeir, and to explore the targeted myopia prevention strategies. Methods With cluster sampling method, six regions（Hailar, Root River City, Yakeshi, Elunchun, Zalantun and Dawa） 1-5 students and their parents were included in Inner Mongolia Hulunbeir. A questionnaire study was conducted. Results The prevalence rate of myopia among pupils in Hulunbeir was 23.7 %, and the severe myopia rate is 19.3%. The rate of wearing glasses of myopia students was 34.9%. Myopia students have a higher proportion of myopia parents than not myopia students. Parents who are highly educated, their children myopia rate is high. There were statistical significant differences between them（P 〈0.001）. Outdoor activity is associated with myopia, but the frequency of the edible vegetables has nothing to do with it. Most of parents have misunderstanding of myopia. Conclusions The rate of wearing glasses of myopia among Grade 1-5 students in Hulunbeir was lower. Comprehensive intervention should be conducted for low-grade pupils earlier. Education of eye health for parents should be strengthening, to improve their important role in the prevention of myopia.