井下钻孔深度高精度测量技术研究

Research on the high precision measurement technique for the underground drilling depth

首先,从仪器设计角度,阐述了高精度井下钻孔深度测量仪器的硬件、软件设计技术路线。其次,理论分析了高精度井下钻孔深度测量原理,并从降低仪器硬件的理论误差、提高理论纵向分辨率、改进直达波与第一次回波提取算法、考虑源检距影响、波速设置准确性等多方面,深入阐释了实现高精度井下钻孔深度测量技术的可行性。然后,通过实测资料,说明了扳手激发时,除了反射波信号能量稍弱些,其他方面与激发锤激发的情况一致;并对激发锤和扳手激发的原始信号进行小波变换,其处理后的干扰信号得到很好压制、信噪比得到大幅度提高,使数据处理环节的智能识别算法能更准确地、可靠地拾取直达波和反射波的相关计算参数。最后,列举了重庆松藻矿区利用该技术成果的井下实测成果,经统计计算表明:样本统计的绝对误差小于0.34m,相对误差小于0.03%。应用表明该技术测量精度高、仪器轻便、现场操作简单、各种方位孔均可测量,该技术值得在煤矿井下、岩土工程及地面地质钻探中推广应用。

From the angle of instrument design,the hardware and software design technical route for the high precision metrology equipment about the underground drilling depth are expounded,and the measure principle about the underground drilling depth is theoretically analyzed. They deeply expound the possibility of high precision measurement technique for the underground drilling depth from reducing theoretical error,improving theoretical vertical resolution,ameliorating abstract algorithm about direct wave and the first reflected wave,considering the effect of source-geophone distance and accuracy of setting velocity,etc. Through the measured data,it explained that other aspects are the same as hammer arousing,except the reflection wave energy is weaker. The original signals that were excited by arousing hammer and wrench have the wavelet transform,which interference signal is better pressing and the SNR is better improving. These make intelligent recognition algorithm is better accurate and credible to pick up the relevant computational parameters about direct wave and reflected wave. The underground measurement results from Chongqing Songzao mining area are listed. The statistical analysis shows that the absolute error is less than 0. 34 m and the relative error is less than 0. 03%. These applications show that the technique has the advantages with the high precision,portable instrument,simple field operation,and measuring from all direction holes. So this technique is worth popularization and application in the underground coal mine,underground geotechnical engineering and surface geological exploration.