高速列车的关键力学问题

Research progress on the mechanics of high speed rails

在过去10年时间,中国和谐号系列高速列车经历了一系列速度上的飞跃.在最初引进消化吸收基础上,研制了新一代高速列车并大规模投入运营,伴随这一过程的大量试验与工程实践,大大促进了对高速铁路这样一个车-线-网-气流强耦合的复杂大系统中的关键力学问题的深入理解和全面研究.该文将从6个方面对高速列车研制和运行过程中的典型力学问题的研究进展以及未来的研究方向做一个梳理.考虑到这样一个大系统的复杂性,同时也为了使对高速列车感兴趣的技术与科研人员对这些力学问题有一个比较全面的认识,文中将分别就高速列车的空气动力学、弓网关系、车体振动与车体模态设计、车体运行稳定性、高速轮轨关系、关键结构的运行可靠性和列车噪声等方面的研究进行总结和展望.同时也对中国及国际高速列车发展趋势及其中的力学问题做了一个简要介绍.

As a result of the ＂Speed Up＂ campaigns initiated in the end of last century when commercial train service averaged 48 km/h, China now has the world＇s longest high speed rail （HSR） network. In the past decade, China Railway High-speed （CRH） has undergone numerous technological innovation to ensure their safe, eco-friendly, and economical operation. With the privilege of involving in the construction and operation of such a large scale and long distance HSR network, researchers and engineers in the field have gained sys- tematic and deep understanding about the dynamic system composed of train, wheels and rails, catenary and pantograph, and aerodynamic resistance. In this review paper, we sum- marize current research progress covering aerodynamics, catenary-pantograph interaction, dynamics and related issues of carbody, stability analysis, rail-wheel interaction, reliability of key components, and mechanisms about noise-generation. At the end, we supply our perspective about opportunities and challenges for future research and development on the mechanics of high speed rail.