莱辛美学原则下《红楼梦》讽喻诗英译管窥——以《螃蟹咏》为例

A Study of Poems of Allegory in “The Story of the Stone” on Lessing's Aesthetic Principles

《红楼梦》讽喻诗以其多重语义特征和辛辣的反讽意味构成《红楼梦》诗词重要的艺术特色。莱辛的美学原则为我们解读杨、戴和霍译本提供了新的美学视角。变异原则是指文艺作品对原型对象摹写时有意寻求偏差和不同以造成更佳的审美感受力。近似原则是指文艺作品描摹物体或动作时寻求近似的审美体验和美学效果。它包括两个子原则:不臵顶和小中见大。薛宝钗的《螃蟹咏》是《红楼梦》讽喻诗中的杰作,二个译本翻译风格不同。杨、戴译本趋于平实,霍译本趋于工巧。但是在语篇层面上,霍克斯的译本则更胜一筹,忠实再现了原文的多重讽喻意味和风格。

Poems of Allegory in ＂The Story of the Stone＂ are characterized by multi-layer meaning and bitter irony, which is one of the outstanding features of the poems in the book. Lessing＇s Aesthetic Principles provide us a new perspective to survey the translated versions by Yang Xianyi Gladys Yang and by David Hawkes. Variation principle refers to intentionally seeking for divergence and difference to acquire more appealing aesthetic effects when a prototype is depicted. Similarity principle refers to endeavoring to obtain analogous feelings in aesthetics, which contains two sub-principles： no confining sphere in imagination; knowing the whole by surveying its part. As to the style of the translated versions of Xue Baochai＇s ＂a poem on crabs＂, Yang Xianyi Gladys Yang＇ version tends to be plain, while David Hawkes＇ tends to be exquisite. On the whole, Hawkes＇s version surpasses Yangs＇ in conveying the original tone and style in terms of textual level.