铁矿区土地破坏评价及治理对策研究

Evaluation of Land Damage and Countermeasures in Iron Mining Region

为量化识别露天采矿造成的土地破坏,提高矿区生态退化修复的有效性,以垣曲县国泰公司铁矿区为例,提出基于小尺度合理有效修复矿区环境的方法。结合现状调查,将研究区土地划分为7种类型(开采地、尾矿库、排弃场、裸地、草地、林地及厂房占用地),通过主成分分析确定土地破坏程度。结果表明:矿区土地中度和高度破坏比例高达27.21%和46.91%;未经复垦的裸露地块土地破坏程度较大,破坏后采取复垦措施的地块土地破坏程度一般,林地土地破坏程度最小,但仍有破坏危险。结合自然地理条件分析各地块损毁原因,研究结果可为矿区环境修复与生态矿建设提供参考。

In order to quantify the land damage caused by open pit mining and improve the effectiveness of ecological restoration in mining area,a method for the reasonable and effective remediation of the mine environment was proposed based on the small scale and reasonable effective restoration of the Guotai iron mining area in Yuanqu county.By present situation investigation,we divided the land of study area into seven types：mining land,tailing pond,waste disposal site,bare land,grassland,shrub land and construction land,analyzed the land destruction degree of every plot by principal component analysis（PCA）.The result showed that the area proportion of moderate damage land and severe damage land were 27.21% and 46.91%.Besides,the land damage degree of bare plots without reclamation measures was the highest,of damaged plots with reclamation measures was higher,and of shrub plots was the lowest which still remain dangerous.Analysis of the causes of damage to the land by the natural geographical conditions,the research can provide a reference for the environmental restoration and ecological mining in mining areas.