企业特征与产学合作方式的关系研究

A Study of the Relationship between Firms' Characteristics and Industry-university Collaborative Ways

产学合作是国家创新系统的重要环节,是优化科技资源配置的重要途径。文章旨在建构一个解释我国产学合作研发方式的模式,希望通过培育合作能力,促进产学合作研发行为。通过问卷调查研究发现:高科技企业、规模较大企业、研发能力较强企业有较强的产学合作动力;企业研发投入越大,进行产学合作机会越多;当面对需求变化快或技术更新速度快时,企业进行产学合作的动力越强;政府是促成产学合作最主要的推动者,尤其是在协助小型企业进行产学合作方面,规模较小的企业进行产学合作的主要方式是"参与由政府资助的合作研究计划"。规模较大或研发能力较强的企业所进行的产学研合作方式除了"参与由政府资助的合作研究计划"外,还有部分采用的是"协议合作研究"。

Industry-University collaborations are regarded as a key component for developing a national innovation system, and it is also the important method to optimize technological resources. The nation should place more emphasis on fostering such collaborations.The collaboration has also become a critical strategy for companies to obtain technological resources externally with the emergence of open innovation concepts. However, it is believed there is further scope for improving the effectiveness of Industry-University collaboration. This study aims to construct a model that explains the capabilities of Industry-University collaboration on research and development（RD） in China. Firms can facilitate the process of collaboration through the construction of collaborative capabilities. The research was undertaken a survey questionnaire. The survey used to explore firms＇ characteristics that determine their motivation toward Industry-University collaboration on RD. The findings show that firms with higher technology, larger sizes, and better capacity of RD are more willing to enter into the collaborations. The firms invest more on RD, the more chance of Industry-University collaborations the firms can have. The firms have more interests in the collaboration, only if the demands increase and technology updates frequently. The local government should be the supporter of the collaboration, especially for small-scale enterprises, because ＂joining the collaboration of research from government＇s funds＂ is the main channel for small-scale enterprises to enter Industry-University collaborations. While, for large-scale enterprises or those containing better capacity on RD, the research based on Protocol and Cooperation is the main method for them except for government＇s support.