晚清教会医院慈善医疗演变述论

The Development of the Philanthropic Medical Work of Mission Hospitals in Late Qing Dynasty

教会医院的慈善医疗是基督教在华慈善事业的重要组成部分。在晚清特殊的社会背景下,教会医院的慈善医疗经历了一个发展变化的过程。19世纪30—60年代,教会医院作为基督教适应中国社会的产物,从一开始即进行免费的慈善医疗,其经费依赖于外国,医学传教士是慈善医疗的主体。19世纪70—90年代,有的教会医院继续实行免费的慈善医疗,有的教会医院在收费制度下进行不同形式的慈善医疗,中国人对教会医院的资助开始增加,一些中国人在慈善医疗中发挥了一定的作用。20世纪初,实行收费制度是教会医院的通行办法,教会医院在此情况下进行了不同形式的慈善医疗,来自中国的经费日益增加,中国人在慈善医疗中发挥的作用不断增强。上述变化不仅是教会医院适应中国社会的产物,也是中国人对其态度变化的结果。

The philanthropic medical work of mission hospitals was an important part of Christian philanthropic causes. Under the special backgrounds in Late Qing Dynasty, the philanthropic medical work of mission hospitals was changing. In 1830 - 60s, as the outcome of Christian adaptation to Chinese society, mission hospitals began to do fully free medical work for Chi- nese people ,their finance depended on foreign countries,medical missionary were the main workers. In 1870 -90s, some mis- sion hospitals continued to do fully free medical work, some began to do philanthropic medical work under the system of medi- cal fee, Chinese began to increase donations to mission hospital, some Chinese persons played a role in the philanthropic medi- cal work. In the early period of 202 century, many mission hospitals adopt the system of medical fee, and did different philan- thropic medical work, Chinese donated more and more money to mission hospitals, more and more Chinese persons took part in the philanthropic medical work of mission hospitals. All these were not only the outcome of mission hospital＇ s adaptation to Chinese society, but also the outcome of the changes of Chinese attitudes towards mission hospitals.