一省之议会:咨议局性质发微

Parliament of Province: the Essential of Zi-yiju of Late Qing Dynasty

岑春煊1907年建议各省设立的咨议局,以及其后江苏绅士与安徽官绅所设计的咨议局,虽然在本质上都不是完全的议会机构,但设计者都将其定位为"全省"的机关,而非"地方"的机关。法部在批评岑氏的时候,更是提出,必须先建立地方议会,才能建立省议会,地方议会是咨议局的基础。1908年出台的通行全国的《咨议局章程》,将咨议局定位为"一省之议会"。在上奏《咨议局章程》的奏折中,在与于式枚辩难的过程中,宪政编查馆都强调,由于中国的行省不同于各国的"地方",咨议局不同于各国的地方议会,而是中国特有的省议会。清季对议会系统的规划,是国会、省议会与地方议会,而非国会与地方议会。今人多将咨议局称为地方议会,实错解了当时制度设计者的良苦用心。

Whether the design of Cen Chun - xuan or the gentle of Jiangsu and Anhui, Zi - yiju was a ＂provincial＂ or- gan, rather than local organ. When Department of Law criticized Cen＇ s design, it put forward, must establish the ＂local＂ parliament before Zi- yiju. In the regulations of Zi- yiju which was drafted in 1908, Zi -yiju was a ＂parliament of prov- ince＂. In the opinion of designers, ＂province＂ of China was different from the ＂local＂ of other countries, Zi - yiju was differ- ent from the ＂local council＂ of other countries, too. The planning about parliamentary system in Late Qing, was Congress, provincial parliament and local councils, rather than Congress and local councils.