1971年印巴危机期间美国的难民政策与美印在难民问题上的角力

The Refugee Policy of the United States during the India-Pakistan Crisis in 1971 and the Disagreements in Refugee Problem between the United States and India

1971年印巴危机是冷战时代一次具有重大国际影响的地区危机。危机期间,因受东巴内战与印巴冲突的双重影响,大量东巴居民逃往印度,沦为难民。东巴难民持续涌入印度不仅是东巴危机转变为印巴危机的主要诱因,同时也是导致南亚持续紧张、敌对氛围难以消解的重要根源。为妥善解决难民问题,美国积极谋划,投入大量人力、物力、财力,意图妥善解决难民问题,化解危机。但是美国采取的积极措施并未减缓危机冲突的不断升级。在处理难民问题的过程中,美巴政策协调趋于一致,而印度与美巴在难民问题上的政策倾向却渐行渐远。归根究底,是否应该在难民问题上附加最终促成东巴独立的政治条件是美巴与印度的根本分歧所在。而这一根本分歧的悬而未决最终成为引爆第三次印巴战争的导火索。

The India 2 Pakistan Crisis happened in 1971 was a regional crisis in the era of Cold War which had vital inter- national influence. During the crisis, a large number of east Pakistan residents become refugees due to the dual effects of east Pakistan civil war and the conflict between India and Pakistan when they lived in exile in India. The refugee problem was not only the primacy cause which made the east Pakistan crisis transformed into India - Pakistan crisis, but also was the important root which got long - term antagonistic relationship in South Asia Subcontinent. To properly solve the refugee problem, the U- nited States actively plotted, and then devoted a significant amount of time and energy to solve the refugee crisis. But the posi- tive measures which was taken by the United States didn＇ t ease the crisis conflict escalating. In the process of dealing with refugees ,the policy coordination between the United States and Pakistan uniformly forward, but the policy differences between the United States and India become more and more obvious. In a word, the politicization of the refugee problem was the funda- mental difference for the United States, Pakistan and India, and then the fundamental difference become the blasting fuse which induced the outbreak of the third India - Pakistan War.