文言文教学中整体语境建构新探——以《鸿门宴》导读《史记》为例

A New Exploration of the Whole Context Construction in Classical Chinese Teaching——A Case of Reading Guide for Historical Records with Hongmen Banquet

中学文言文教学往往囿于单篇讲解而忽略与之相关的篇章所构成的整体语境,不仅造成文言文教学整体的低效,而且导致学生对文言文阅读的厌恶。突破单篇文言文教学的视野局限,构建一个大文言文语境,引导学生在文言文所体现的跌宕起伏的历史情境的感触中和神秘悠远的人文脉络的探寻中进行文言文的阅读、学习,从而激发学生对文言文的阅读兴趣进而培养学生阅读古文著作的习惯,实现文言文教学的终极目标。以《鸿门宴》导读《史记》为例,大体导读策略是:通过比较《鸿门宴》不同版本进行导读;通过梳理《鸿门宴》前后故事进行导读;通过《鸿门宴》文言知识的迁移进行导读;通过楚汉影视作品进行导读。

The teaching of classical Chinese in middle school,often constrained by the analysis of one single text,tends to ignore the overall context,which not only causes classical Chinese teaching inefficient,but makes students tired of reading classical Chinese. It is suggested to abandon the teaching perspective of a single classical Chinese text,and construct a whole context instead to guide students to read and learn classical Chinese in the context of intriguing historical events manifested in the classical Chinese,so as to arouse students＇ interest in classical Chinese reading and learning. Taking Hongmen Banquet for an example,the proper reading guide strategy is comparing different versions of Hongmen Banquet,summarizing the events at the beginning or end of Hongmen Banquet,transferring the knowledge of the classical Chinese in Hongmen Banquet,and introducing the films and TV plays about the legend of Chu and Han.