我国的生育政策:变化轨迹与未来调整

Family Planning Policy: Changing Track and Future Adjustment

通过对我国计划生育工作历程的回顾,梳理了我国计划生育政策的运行轨迹,总结了该政策从无到有、从有弹性到从严从紧、再到有序调整的过程;从年龄结构、性别结构、家庭发展、劳动供给等方面分析了我国现阶段出现的主要人口问题;从兑现中央承诺、提升政府公信力,实现全面依法治理,促进人口长期均衡发展,统筹解决人口问题、实现人口与经济社会协调发展,全面建设和谐社会,增强家庭发展能力六个方面论证了计划生育政策调整的必要性;设计了普遍允许一对夫妇生育两个子女的生育政策调整目标,并且对生育政策调整后的政策衔接问题做出了说明。

The fertility policy in China is summarized as a process from scratch and from flexible to strictly tight, then orderly adjustment based on a brief review of history of family planning work. The current main population issues in China are illustrated from age structure, sex structure, family development and labor supply. The necessity of adjustment of fertility policy is demonstrated from six as- pects, namely： to fulfill the promise of government and enhance the credibility of the government, to achieve comprehensive governance according to law, to promote the long term balanced development of population, to solve the population problem and promote coordinated relationship between population and social economy, to build a harmonious society in an all - round way and to strengthen family development capability. A target of fertility policy adjustment is designed as a couple will be permitted to have two children generally. Besides, the problems related to policy cohesion after adjustment of fertility are demonstrated specifically.