日本南海政策的历史演变及其启示

Evolution of Japan's South China Sea Policy and Its Implications

日本不是南海争端的当事国,却对南海有着很深的情结。日本的南海政策源于日本国家统一后滋生的领土扩张欲望,后经帝国主义时期的商业入侵和武力侵占、冷战时期的被迫退出和保守中立,再到冷战结束以来以新的方式重新介入,经历了一个阶段性的起伏变化过程。尤其是最近几年来,随着南海争端升温,日本对南海的介入无论从立场、态度的变化,还是从策略手段的运用等方面看,都达到了战后以来前所未有的程度。纵观日本南海政策的演变轨迹,可以发现,日本的南海政策是由多种因素决定的。其对该问题的介入是以阻挠中国行使主权和管辖权为根本目的,同时还兼顾其他更多目标的追求。日本的介入所能产生的实际效力虽然有限,但由此引起的消极后果不容小视。日本虽有进一步加大介入的意愿,但同时也面临诸多条件的制约。

Japan is not a party to the South China Sea dispute,but is deeply involved in it.Japan's policy concerning this maritime region originates from its territorial expansionist appetite which was bred after the island state accomplished its unification at the end of the 16 century.This policy has evolved over a long period of history and undergone periodic changes,i.e.,commercial invasion and military occupation during the imperialist era,reluctant abandonment and neutrality during the Cold War era,and reinvolvement in the dispute in a new manner since the end of the Cold War.What merits notice is that its involvement has been intensified to an unprecedented level for the past few years.A review of the history shows that Japan's involvement is driven by multiple factors.Its utmost aim is to prevent China from gaining sovereign control and jurisdiction over the disputed islands and their surrounding waters,though other motives are also at play.The actual impact of Japan's intervention is limited,but the negative consequences cannot be overlooked.Although Japan has a strong preference for heightened involvement,it is faced with numerous constraints as well.