十九世纪英国海权与全球化

British Seapower in the 19^(th) Century and Globalization

十九世纪初开始,英国不论从经济上还是军事上,都成为了一个当时任何力量都无法比拟的强大国家。当时的人海为英国所主宰,但是英国推行了一种以自由贸易政策为基础的新型海权,这种海权是和以往的零和博弈型的海权模式性格迥异,开启了第一次走向全球化的潮流。这个潮流改变了人类社会的进程,给人类文明带来了空前的繁荣,但是也给世人留下了不少深刻的教训。本文力求对这种新型的海权特征进行分析,并阐明这样的海权给全球化模式带来什么样的影响,同时对于当时的这种全球化存在的问题以及对目前的启迪进行了思考。

From the early nineteenth century onwards,the British Empire became an incomparable global power in terms of both military strength and economic capacity.The sea was dominated by Britain.Yet Britain introduced a new type of sea power based on free trade,which is quite different from the previous zero-sum game.This type of sea power also contributed to the first trend towards globalization,which changed the progress of human society,brought unprecedented prosperity to human civilization and also provided useful lessons to later generations.This paper will analyze the characteristics of this new type of sea power;describe what sort of impact it had on globalization;and endeavor to discuss the problems of globalization at that time as to shed some light on the present.