美国高校绩效技术人才培养特色及启示——以博伊西州立大学组织绩效与工作场所学习系为例

The Features and Enlightenment of Talent Cultivation for Human Performance Technology in High Schools of the U.S.

绩效技术作为一种整体性和系统化解决组织绩效问题的工具、手段、程序和方法,以改进组织绩效为目标,强调分析组织系统要素并综合运用多种手段,已获得越来越高的社会认可度,也成为教育技术学者关注的领域。在美国高校绩效技术领域的人才培养中,博伊西州立大学工程学院组织绩效与工作场所学习系(OPWL)堪称典范,它是为数不多的以"系"的方式培养绩效技术人才的学术机构。围绕绩效技术人才培养,OPWL在课程目标与内容设计、课程实施与评价策略、教师队伍三个方面体现出特色。在课程目标与内容设计上,首先依据人才需求制定总体目标,再细化目标能力与素质,进而根据专业实践特点制定课程开发原则来指导课程设计,同时设立学位和证书不同层次的培养方式以满足不同学生的需求。在课程实施与评价策略上,全部课程都在线提供,注重培养学生的实践能力,且采用多元化的评价方式。在教师队伍方面,受聘教师大多具有跨专业学习经历和企业工作经验,利于保障课程的成功设计与实施。反观我国高校绩效技术人才培养现状,可以尝试围绕绩效技术人才所需能力设置相应课程,注重培养学生的实践能力,评价策略应多样化,同时鼓励教师学科背景多样化,实行双导师制度。

As a kind of systemic and systematic tool, means, process and method aiming to solve problems oforganizations performance, human performance technology（HPT） emphasizes analyzing the elements oforganizations and comprehensively using various methods to improve the performance, which has gained more andmore social recognition, and be the focus of educational technology experts. Among those high schools that cultivateHPT talents, the Department of Organization Performance and Workplace Learning（OPWL） of Boise StateUniversity（BSU） can be viewed as a paradigm. As one of the few academic institutions that specifically cultivateHPT professionals, OPWL possesses some distinct characteristics embodied in three aspects： the design of courseobjectives and contents, the strategies of course implementation and evaluation, and faculty members. In the courseobjectives and contents design, firstly according to the talent demands, they set out an overall goal, refine objectivecapabilities and competencies, and design courses based on the principle of practical characteristics formulatingcourse development, and meanwhile establish degree and certificate courses for different kinds of students. Withregard to course implementation and evaluation strategies, all courses are offered online, and more importance wasattached to cultivating students＇ practical capabilities with diversified evaluation methods employed. About thefaculty members, most of them have the experience of multi-disciplinary study and work experience in thecorporations, which is helpful for the course design and implementation. Some suggestions can be proposedcompared with HPT talents cultivation in our country： offering courses on the basis of essential capabilities requiredby HPT talents, laying great attention to cultivating students＇ practical capability, diversifying evaluation strategies,and encouraging teachers with various academic backgrounds and exploring ＂double-mentor＂ system.