黄淮海区域主栽玉米品种耐阴性差异研究

Study on Difference of Shade Tolerance for Main Maize Cultivars in Huang-Huai Region

为明确黄淮海区域主栽玉米品种耐阴性能,以该区域大面积种植和2011年以来审定通过的30个玉米品种为材料,在玉米18片叶龄期进行人工遮阴处理,遮阴7 d后恢复正常光照,研究玉米品种耐阴性差异。结果表明,基于产量减幅情况筛选出耐阴性强的品种为俊达001、郑单958、郑单23、隆平206、蠡玉16、伟科702、豫禾988、郑黄糯2号,耐阴性较差的品种为浚单26、中科11、蠡玉35、新单29、新单36、吉祥1号和豫龙1号。玉米株高变化对弱光的响应不同,存在明显的基因型差异;遮阴处理拉长了雌雄间隔期,郑单958、豫禾988和隆平206等耐阴性品种雌雄间隔期变化较小;遮阴处理降低了籽粒授粉率,授粉率下降较明显的品种有新单36(67.37%)、农禾518(63.36%)、中科11(58.00%),授粉率下降幅度较小的品种有滑丰8号(2.56%)、郑单958(13.78%)、郑单136(14.33%)。弱光胁迫下,雌雄间隔期拉长、授粉率下降是导致玉米产量下降的主要原因,也是鉴定玉米品种耐阴性的主要指标。

In order to clarify the shade-tolerance performance of Huang-Huai region cultivars of maize,using 30 large area planted and audited maize varieties from 2011 as material,shading treatment was done at 18 fully expanded leaves stage,and normal lighting treatment was done after shading for 7 days,and the shade tolerance differences of Huang-Huai region cultivars of maize were studied. The results showed that the shade-tolerance varieties were Junda 001,Zhengdan 958,Zhengdan 23,Longping 206,Liyu 16,Weike 702,Yuhe 988 and Zhenghuangnuo No. 2,and Xundan 26,Zhongke 11,Liyu 35,Xindan 29,Xindan 36,Jixiang No. 1 and Yulong No. 1 were weak for shade tolerance. The responses of maize height for low light were different,and genotypic differences existed. Male and female interval of shading treatment was elongated,and the male and female interval of Zhengdan 958,Yuhe 988 and Longping 206 changed little. Pollination rate of shading treatment decreased,which declined more obvious for Xindan 36（ 67. 37%）,Nonghe 518（ 63. 36%） and Zhongke 11（ 58. 00%）,and less for Huafeng No. 8（ 2. 56%）,Zhengdan 958（ 13. 78%）,Zhengdan 136（ 14. 33%）. Male and female intervals lengthening and pollination rate decreasing were the main factors for lower yields under weak light stress,and which alsowere the main indicators for identification of resistance to the low light stress.