3种新烟碱类种子处理剂对玉米及其主要害虫的影响

Effects of Seed Coating with Imidacloprid and Thiamethoxam on Maize and Main Pests

为明确新烟碱类种衣剂对夏玉米的安全性及其对玉米主要害虫的防治效果,采用大田试验研究了600 g/L吡虫啉FS、70%吡虫啉WS和30%噻虫嗪FS推荐剂量的中间剂量及其1.5倍和2倍剂量对玉米出苗、生长、产量和主要害虫的影响。结果表明,3种药剂的3个剂量处理后玉米出苗安全,出苗率提高6.04%-11.25%。播种20 d后,70%吡虫啉WS和30%噻虫嗪FS促进玉米地上部和根系生长,使其株高、次生根数、植株鲜（干）质量等明显增加,而600 g/L吡虫啉FS以促进根系生长为主,对地上部分生长有轻微的抑制作用;3种药剂均增加了玉米幼苗的根冠比,起到了较好的壮苗作用。种衣剂处理减轻了玉米地下害虫和蚜虫的危害,但非靶标害虫玉米螟危害有加重的趋势。3种药剂各处理区产量构成要素大多优于或相当于对照,与处理剂量无明显关系;种衣剂处理区玉米产量提高2.46%-20.48%,其中600 g/L吡虫啉FS 1.5倍、70%吡虫啉WS 2倍和30%噻虫嗪FS 2倍处理增产幅度较大,增产率分别为19.04%、20.41%和20.48%。以上结果说明,吡虫啉和噻虫嗪种衣剂用于玉米种子处理是安全的,但在种子处理田要加强非靶标害虫的防控,从而获得更佳的收益。

To identify the safety of seed coating with neonicotinoids for maize and its effect on main pests,the effects of recommended middle dose,and its 1. 5 times and 2 times doses of 600 g / L imidacloprid FS,70% imidacloprid WS and 30% thiamethoxam FS on maize emergence,growth,yields and main pests were studied. The results showed that they were safe to maize emergence and the germination rate increased by 6. 04% —11. 25%. At 20 days after sowing,70% imidacloprid WS and 30% thiamethoxam FS promoted the growth of maize,with increase of plant height,secondary root number and fresh（ dry）weights,and 600 g / L imidacloprid FS promoted root growth but slightly inhibited the aboveground growth.The increasing root-top ratio and better seedling shape were obtained in all treatments. Seed treatments al-leviated the damages of underground pests and aphids,but the damage of Asia corn borer had a serious trend. The yield indicators in all treatments were better than or equivalent to the control,but there were no significant differences among doses. The yield increase ranged from 2. 46% to 20. 48% in treatments,with increase of 19. 04%,20. 41% and 20. 48% in treatment of 600 g / L imidacloprid FS at 1. 5 times doses,70% imidacloprid WS at 2 times doses and 30% thiamethoxam FS at 2 times doses,respectively. These results indicate that seed coating with imidacloprid and thiamethoxam agents is safe for maize growth,but the prevention and control of non-target pests in seed treatment field should be paid more attention in order to obtain better harvest.