耕地保护补偿资金运行机制研究

Study on the operating mechanism of economic compensation fund for cultivated land protection

建立耕地保护补偿机制是我国切实实现耕地保护和粮食安全战略的必然选择。其中,实现耕地保护补偿资金的良性循环是建立耕地保护补偿机制的核心。采用文献综述和逻辑归纳法,对耕地保护补偿资金的运行机制进行了系统研究。研究结果表明,耕地保护补偿资金来源渠道包括政府耕地保护补偿财政专项资金、新增占用耕地的组织缴纳的耕地保护补偿资金、城镇居民缴纳的耕地保护补偿资金和社会各界缴纳的耕地保护补偿捐助资金等;耕地保护补偿资金应按照国家级、省级和县级三级筹集和运行,并将其账户设立在相应级别的财政部门下,实行专户缴纳、专款专用;耕地保护补偿资金的监督机制包括法律制度约束机制、区域间监督机制、区域内部监督机制、动态监测机制、公众参与机制和违法违规惩处机制。

It is an inevitable choice to establish the system of economic compensation for cultivated land protection （ECFCLP） to achieve the objectives of cultivated land protection and food security in China, in which the key factor is to build benign cycles of ECFCLP. Using the methods of literature review and logic induction, this paper studied the operation mechanism of ECFCLP systematically. Results show that l） the sources of ECFCLP include governmental financial special fund for cultivated land protection, funds from the organizations occupying the new-increased cultivated land and from urban residents, donated fund by various social groups; 2） the collection and operation of ECFCLP should be based on the national, provincial and country levels, establishing ECFCLP under the corresponding financial departments to make sure the fund will be used for its specified purpose only; and 3） the supervision mechanism of ECFCLP includes the law and institution constraint mechanism, inter-regional supervision mechanism, interior region supervision mechanism, dynamic monitoring mechanism, public participation mechanism and punishment mechanism.