三种设施蔬菜对邻苯二甲酸酯的吸收累积特征

Study on characteristics of accumulation of phthalate esters in three different species of greenhouses vegetables

采用田间试验方法对邻苯二甲酸酯在冬瓜、花椰菜、辣椒不同部位的分布特征进行了研究。结果表明,在相同的设施大棚种植条件下,三种蔬菜不同部位的邻苯二甲酸酯含量存在显著差异,冬瓜叶柄、叶、主茎的邻苯二甲酸酯含量显著高于根、瓜皮、瓜肉,而花椰菜和辣椒根中邻苯二甲酸酯含量显著高于叶、茎和果实;三种蔬菜可食部位主要的邻苯二甲酸酯化合物均为邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)和邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP),占邻苯二甲酸酯总量比例高达95%以上;三种蔬菜可食部位4种邻苯二甲酸酯的富集系数介于0.016-0.241之间,对DBP和DEHP富集系数较高的蔬菜为冬瓜,对邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)富集系数较高的蔬菜为花椰菜。

The method of field trials was conducted to investigate distribution of phthalate esters in different part of wax gourd, cauliflower, and pepper. The results showed that there was significant difference of concentration of phthalate esters in different tissues of three species of vegetables under same growing conditions. For wax gourd, concentrations of phthalate esters in petiole, leaf, and main stem were much higher than those in root, find, and flesh. However, for cauliflower and pepper, concentration of phthalate esters in root was much higher than that in leaf, stem, and fruit. In edible part of three species of vegetables, the main phthalate esters were DBP and DEHP with high contribution rate of over 95% in total four phthalate esters. The bioaccumulation factors （BCFs） for four phthalate esters in edible part of three species of vegetables were 0.016-0.241. The BCFs for DBP and DEHP in wax gourd was relatively higher than those in cauliflower and pepper; the BCFs for DMP in cauliflower was relatively higher than those in wax gourd and pepper.