长期有机无机肥配施对双季稻区水稻干物质积累及产量的影响

Effects of long-term mixed application of organic and inorganic fertilizers on dry matter accumulation and yield of rice in double cropping rice fields

以湖南双季稻区连续27 a定位试验为基础,在早稻均施N 142.5 kg/hm2、P2O5 54.0 kg/hm2、K2O 63.0 kg/hm2,晚稻均施N 157.5 kg/hm2、P2O5 27.0 kg/hm2、K2O 81.0 kg/hm2条件下,系统比较研究了30%有机肥+70%化肥、60%有机肥+40%化肥和无肥3种施肥模式条件下早稻和晚稻干物质积累及产量的差异。结果表明,早稻和晚稻各主要生育时期,水稻群体根系、地上部总干重、茎和穗群体干物质重量大小顺序均表现为60%有机肥>30%有机肥>无肥,叶群体干物质重量表现为30%有机肥>60%有机肥>无肥。根系干重占植株总干物质重量的比例大小顺序均表现为60%有机肥>30%有机肥>无肥;叶和穗的比例大小顺序分别表现为30%有机肥>60%有机肥>无肥、60%有机肥>30%有机肥>无肥。水稻叶片SPAD值和LAI均显著高于无肥处理。早稻和晚稻产量大小顺序分别表现为30%有机肥>60%有机肥>无肥、60%有机肥>30%有机肥>无肥,60%有机肥和30%有机肥施肥模式早稻和晚稻产量分别比无肥处理增产3 410.7-3 443.7 kg/hm2、2 178.0-2 344.5 kg/hm2和2 998.5-3 142.5 kg/hm2、2 070.5-2 317.5 kg/hm2。表明不同施肥模式对水稻干物质积累和产量具有明显的影响,有机无机肥配施有利于促进植株干物质积累和改善产量构成因素,从而增加水稻产量。

The dry matter accumulation and distribution and grain yield for early rice and late rice were compared under different organic-inorganic fertilizer combinations in a double cropping rice system with successive 27-year field experiments. The treatments included 30% organic matter plus 70% mineral fertilizer （LOM）, 60% organic matter plus 40% mineral fertilizer （HOM）, and without fertilizer （CK）. The total amount of fertilizer application with the N, P205, and K20 for LOM and HOM were 142.5, 54.0, and 63.0 kg/hm2, respectively, during early rice growth period. The corresponding rates of fertilizer application were 157.5, 27.0, and 81.0 kg/hm2, respectively, during late rice growth period. The results showed that the root and shoot dry weight of rice population were in a trend of HOM〉LOM〉CK at different growth stages of early rice and late rice. The stem dry weight of population ranked as HOM〉LOM〉CK at different growth stages of early rice and late rice. The leaf and panicle dry weight of population ranked as LOM〉HOM〉CK, HOM〉LOM〉CK, respectively, at different growth stages of early rice and late rice. The ratio of root dry matter weight to per plant at different growth stages of early rice and late rice were in a trend of HOM〉LOM〉CK. The ratio of leaf and panicle dry matter weight to per plant ranked as LOM〉HOM〉CK, HOM〉LOM〉CK, respectively, at different growth stages of early rice and late rice. In addition, the SPAD of rice leaf and leaf area index of early and late rice with HOM and LOM was significantly higher than that of the CK at different growth stages. Grain yield of early rice and late rice was affected by different fertilizer treatments, that is, the grain yield of early and late rice was the highest with HOM and LOM, and was the lowest with the CK. In comparison to the CK, the grain yield of early rice and late rice with LOM and HOM increased by 3410.7-3443.7, 2178.0-2344.5 kg/hm2 and 2998.5-3142.5, 2070.5-2317.5 kg/hm2, respectively. The results indicated that the dry matter accumulation and grain yield of early rice and late rice were affected by organic-inorganic fertilizer combination treatments. Under LOM and HOMcondition, the total dry matter accumulation was increased and its distribution was reasonable, resulting in an improved grain yield and yield component.