政治约束异质性与区域发展差异——基于文献的考察

Heterogeneous Constraints and Regional Development Divergence: An Analysis Based on Literatures

理解中国经济增长奇迹和发展失衡应充分注意到区域之间的差异,不能片面地将之归结为分权下区域竞争所带来的竞次或竞优。过度强调政府所面临激励和约束的同质性,黑箱化处理政策形成背后的政治过程,难以捕捉现实中区域间经济增长和发展的差异。经济政策的变动会影响政治均衡,政策制定者所面临约束的异质性影响区域发展。地方领导人的个体特质、地方公务员队伍的结构特质、地方人大的活跃度等政府内部的异质性,以及社会主体的呼吁及其组织等来自政府外部的异质性均能影响公共政策的形成,进而导致区域发展差异。政府职能的转变以及经济发展的转型需要考虑地区的各种异质性约束。

Fiscal Federalism and Promotion Tournament theories have been the benchmark to explain China's economic growth miracle and imbalanced development,even some inspirations have been blessed,the ignorance of political processes in policymaking does make misleading. Too much attention has been focused on the common character of political institution and too little on the heterogeneous constraints embracing the policymakers,especially the political constraints. Heterogeneous character of local leaders,local public servants and local peoples' congressman make the constraints inside the government different. The residents' heterogeneous power to take collective action and to voice their concerns makes the constraints outside the government different. Heterogeneous constraints inside and outside the government will influence the public policy and make the regional development divergent. Solution to the public issues and transition of governance should consider the local heterogeneous constraints.