本土化的去疆域化?藏传佛教在法国及世界各地的全球本土化案例

Localised deterritorialisation?The case of the glocalisation of Tibetan Buddhism in France and worldwide

像许多其他传统一样,佛教已成为一种全球化的宗教。迄今为止,宗教研究和社会科学的兴趣一直在于佛教的全球化历史,或者此类过程的社会学影响,多少有些忽略了佛教在世界各地传播的空间维度。佛教的全球化不只是一种"全球化"或一种"去疆域化",对其产生塑造之功的还有疆域化过程(扩散,落脚,场所的制度化,记忆和认同的疆域化,"群集",网络建构,等等)。在欧洲一些国家,佛教已在更大程度上落脚下来,法国即其中之一,本文旨在以在法国收集到的民族志学证据为基础,强调空间和疆域在佛教全球化中的作用,进而对全球宗教研究中的去疆域化议题提出质疑。

Like many other traditions,Buddhism has become a globalised religion.Religious studies and social sciences to date have been interested in the history of the globalisation of Buddhism,or in the sociological impacts of such processes,and have somewhat overlooked the spatial dimensions of the worldwide spread of Buddhism.More than a 'glocalisation' or a 'deterritorialisation',the globalisation of Buddhism is also shaped by territorialisation processes(diffusion,settlement,the institutionalisation of sites,the territorialisation of memory and identity, 'swarming',network structuring,etc.).On the basis of ethnographic evidence collected in France,one of the countries of Europe where Buddhism has settled to a greater extent,this article aims to emphasise the role of space and territory in the globalisation of Buddhism,and further,questions the issue of deterritorialisation in global religious studies.