环境法利益衡平的基本原则初探

On the Basic Principle of Interest Balance in Environmental Law

作为获取、限制、剥夺利益的规范方式,法律对利益关系的调整以衡平利益冲突为核心任务。环境法的利益衡平应遵循一体化、损失最小化、紧缺优位和协商四项基本原则。一体化原则认为经济利益和环境利益均为正当利益,提倡二者由竞争走向竞合,实现统筹、兼顾和双赢。损失最小化原则包涵最小侵害和最大补偿。前者要求利益侵害必要且不可替代,后者要求利益获得必须支付对价。紧缺优位原则关注时空的阶段性和位序性。前者强调当冲突不可调和时经济利益应让位于环境利益,后者强调生存利益居于永久优先位置。协商原则主张通过有效的正当程序建构,维护各方利益主体的诉求表达,促成环境法上利益的共享普惠。

As the normal way to obtain, limit and deprive interests, the adjustment of interest relationship is the core task of the interest conflict. The interests of environmental law should follow the four basic principles of integration, loss minimization, shortage preference and negotiation.