“家国同构”问题与中国的法治国家建构

Isomorphism Theory, Cognitive Bias and Society with the Rule of Law

自我构建能力不足、法治环境欠佳共同构成了中国国家法治化的基本启程状况。寻找推动法治国家持续发展的动力源泉,不仅需要思考国家与社会之间的关系,更应当反思"国家—社会"范式涉及的本土性问题。事实上,中国社会发展所面临的首要问题并非国家与社会之间的关系问题,而是二者背后所深藏着"家"这一普遍存在的异化的"私权力结构"问题。当以"家—国"范式作为研究进路时,在公共权力结构的分析路径上,可以发现"分享型法制"和"压缩式社会"是中国社会两大传统特征;在文化认知的分析路径上,可以发现"整体性同构"和"非理性认知"是中国建设法治国家面临的两大时代困局。对此,需要厘清"家—国—社会"这一中国特色的"三权"结构的特性,以提高"国家—社会"关系的认知理性;进而,通过区分法治国家中的法治化程度、国家法制领域与社会法制领域诸理念及其相关问题,促进国家法治化建设中的制度理性的提升。

The dysfunction of China's social system calls for a society with rule of law. In theory, it also puts forward the transformation of 'citizen / state' paradigm and 'society / state' paradigm. Starting from the 'clan / state' paradigm based on 'Isomorphism theory', we have two new theoretical approaches: one is public domain structure, which reveals two major structural disorders: weak law and weak society; the other is the cultural cognition, which reveals the underlying causes of social disorder: holistic isomorphism and cognitive deviation. In this regard, by clarifying the relationship between 'clan', 'state' and 'society', the paper reconstructs the traditional public structure. And through distinguishing the degree of rule of law and different public domains by reasonable institutions, we can enhance the cognitive rationality of 'state' and 'society'.