跨区域远洋航线空集装箱动态调运优化模型

Across-region dynamic empty containers repositioning optimization model

由于海运业受世界经济不景气的影响,班轮企业竞争日益加剧。尽可能地降低营运成本是班轮企业生存和发展的关键因素。提出了跨区域远洋空集装箱动态调运优化模型(ECR-RDM),该模型一方面针对传统模型(ECR-TM)基于港口间点到点空箱调运策略的缺陷,采用了基于港口集合到集合的空箱调运策略。另一方面,不同于传统模型解决空箱调运的静态分配特征,提出的模型可以根据实时需要动态分配空箱,一定程度上减少了由于调运计划和实际业务需求不同步性产生的各项成本。通过抽取实际业务中可能发生的六种情况,依次进行分析比较,验证了文中提出模型的有效性和可行性。同时,通过分析在可能的六种情况下租赁成本、存储成本、装卸成本在总调运成本中所占的比例,为班轮企业制定高效的运营策略提供决策依据。

With the influence of the marine economy by the world economic downturn, liner shipping companies’ competition is intensifying. As far as possible to reduce the operation cost is the key factor of the survival and development of liner shipping companies. Aiming at the defects of the empty containers repositioning of traditional model（ECR-TM）,which is based on port to port and the static repositioning strategy, the across-region dynamic empty containers repositioning optimization model（ECR-RDM）is proposed. The ECR-RDM can distribute the empty containers with ports set to ports set meanwhile the number of repositioning empty containers is dynamically updated in real-time. To verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the ECR-RDM, the six cases are extracted from the actual business to compare with ECR-TM. The experimental results show that the ECR-RDM is superior to the ECR-TM in total operation cost. Moreover, the various costs in proportion of the total cost are demonstrated to make the decision for the liner companies.