职业体育联赛治理模式:域外经验和中国思路

Governance Mode of Professional Sports League: Experience from Abroad and Chinese Way of Thinking

通过文献资料和实地考察法,对比分析美国和英国职业体育联赛的治理模式。结果显示:美国职业体育联赛采用横向一体化结构,致力于构建均衡的竞争格局,以联盟为主的治理模式;英国职业体育联赛采用纵向分层结构,倡导自由竞争,以俱乐部为主体的联盟治理模式。提出对我国职业体育联赛的启示:实现治理目标相融,以促进治理要素的内在一致性,积极谋划俱乐部和联赛的资本结构多元化,以提升治理模式的外在匹配度;未来我国职业体育联赛的成功,取决于治理机制的外生变量与内生激励的良性耦合。

The study used the methods of literature reviewand field work to compare the governance mode of professional sports league in the USA and UK. The findings showthat the professional sports league in America is characteristic of horizontal integration,which is to construct a balanced competition pattern by focusing on the league match as the governance subject. While in UK,it features with vertical stratification,which is to promote a free competition pattern by focusing on sports club as the governance subject. The experience of professional sports league from abroad offers us some enlightenment as followed： we should integrate the governance goal to improve the internal consistency of the governance factors. Besides,the capital structure diversity of sports club and league should be well considered to build the external compatibility of the governance mode. The future success of Chinese professional sports league depends on the good coupling of the external variables and internal incentives in the governance mechanism.