城镇化视域下东北世居四小民族现存萨满文化问题探析

Analysis on Existing Shaman Culture in Northeast Areas of China under the Condition of Urbanization

城镇化改变了东北世居鄂伦春、鄂温克、赫哲、柯尔克孜族观念,导致民族族群对萨满文化的淡化,城镇化加快了萨满文化与外来文化融合化,导致萨满文化自身内质异化;城镇化的改变了原有生态环境与生产生活方式,导致萨满文化泛化空化,萨满文化面临着新的困境。要保留萨满文化中积极文化因素,就要将萨满文化固化、活化与新化,建立分层保护与开发机制,使萨满文化积极因素在文化多样性、文化大繁荣背景下能够传承下去。

Urbanization changes Oroqen, Ewenki, Hezhen and Kirgiz concepts in northeast areas, leading to the dilution of ethnic groups on Shaman culture; Urbanization accelerates the integration of Shaman culture with foreign culture, leading to the alienation of Shaman culture itself; Urbanization changes the original ecological environment and modes of production and life, leading to the gener- alization and cavitation of Shaman culture. All of the above makes Shaman culture face new difficulties. To preserve the positive cultural factors, we should set up a fixed, activate and new Shaman culture, and establish the mechanisms of layered protection and develop- ment, so that Shaman culture can be inherited in the backgrounds of cultural diversity and cultural prosperity.