从撤军到驻军:战后初期美国对韩防务政策演变(1945-1953)

From Withdrawing Force to Stationing Force——On the Change of America's Defense Policy to Korean at the Beginning of the War( 1945- 1953)

战后初期,美国对如何保障韩国的安全出现了前后迥异的政策阶段。在朝鲜战争之前,美国出于遏制苏联的战略需要和对韩国价值的评估,实行军事脱身的政策。而朝鲜战争爆发后,美国对遏制战略和韩国价值重新界定,转行军事介入政策。在这变化背后隐藏的是美国维护自身霸权和掌控韩国防务的私利之心,在理论上反应出美国在"中间地带"的冷战政策和美韩同盟的困境。

In the early years of the post World War II, America had two different policies on how to guarantee the security of South Korea. Before the Korean War, America implemented a military disengagement due to the need of containing the Soviet Union and the undervaluation of South Korea. After the outbreak of the Korean War, America changed to implement a military engagement since revaluation of the containment and South Korea＇ s importance. However, the change covered America＇ s selfish aim to maintain the hegemony and manipulate Korean defense. Theoretically, the change also showed America＇ s policy on the middle zone in the early of the Cold War and the dilemma of the America - South Korea alliance.