基于E-CARGO的WSN成簇机制研究

An E-CARGO Based Cluster Mechanism Research on WSN

在无线传感器网络中,节点的电量十分有限,降低节点的能耗、延长网络寿命是路由协议设计的重点.针对经典分簇路由协议LEACH(Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy)中簇头选取不合理以及节点能耗不均衡的问题,将传感器节点的剩余能量、分布位置等定义为约束,采用带约束的角色协同模型E-CARGO为分簇型无线传感器网络系统建模,在机制上实现对LEACH协议的改进.在传感器节点角色指派过程中,综合考虑节点的约束并结合LEACH算法为传感器节点进行角色指派.理论分析和仿真实验结果表明,改进后协议在可扩展性、灵活性、均衡节点能耗以及网络生命周期方面优于LEACH协议.

Wireless sensor networks consist of small battery-powered devices with limited energy resources. Hence, energy reduction of sensor nodes and the lifetime prolonging of the network are the focuses of wireless sensor networks routing protocol. LEACH （Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy） is a clustering-based protocol that utilizes randomized rotation of local cluster base stations （cluster-heads） to evenly distribute the energy load among the sensors in the network. However, LEACH is inappropriate in the selection of cluster heads, inducing the imbalance of energy over sensor nodes. In order to make the process of selecting cluster heads more reasonable and more flexible, in this paper, the node＇ s properties （such as the residual energy and position distribution of sensor nodes） are defined as the constraints. The authors take a role-based collaboration model （i. e. , E-CARGO model） with constraints into the wireless sensor networks system modeling, and improve LEACH from the mechanism view by considering the constraints of sensor nodes and using LEACH algorithm assign roles to them. Analysis shows that the new method has better sealability and flexibility. Experimental results present that this new method can effectively balance the sensor node energy consumption and prolong the lifetime of network.