小型水稻灌区灌溉水利用系数测算方法

Calculation method of utilization coefficient for irrigation in small-sized rice irrigation area

以节水灌溉模式下昆山市小型水稻灌区为研究对象,采用首尾法测量阴云圩灌区和天福灌区的灌溉水利用系数,探讨农业现代化进程中小型水稻灌区节水灌溉模式下灌溉水利用系数的测算方法,并分析这些测算方法的优缺点。结果表明:阴云圩灌区灌溉水利用系数测算方法的优势为测算成本较低、实用性较强,缺点为测量净灌溉水深时人工误差较大;天福灌区灌溉水利用系数测算方法的优势为自动化测量与数据自动远传,节省人力成本的同时,为精准灌溉、节水灌溉提供决策依据和数据支撑,缺点为设备成本及维护成本较高,采集长时段连续数据时仪器的稳定性有待提高。在经济条件许可的情况下,可推广采用流量计等自动测量方式来测量灌溉水利用系数。

The utilization coefficients for irrigation in Yinyunwei and Tianfu irrigation areas were calculated by using head-tail method, which was focused on the small-sized rice irrigation areas in Kunshan City under the water saving model. The specific calculation methods for utilization coefficient were discussed and their advantages and disadvantages were analyzed. The results show that the calculation methods of utilization coefficients for Yinyunwei irrigation areas have the advantages low costs and high practicability, whereas the disadvantage is large error of the measurement of net water depth during irrigation. The calculation methods of utilization coefficients for Tianfu irrigation areas have the advantages of automatic measurement, automatic data trans mission and low labor costs. It provides the data for decision making of precise irrigation and water-saving irrigatiorL The disad- vantages are high costs for equipment and the following maintenance. In addition, the equipment stability needs to be improved when long-term continuous data collection was required. The utilization coefficient can be calculated by using flowmeter when e- conomic conditions permit.