皱皮木瓜综合多性状优树选择

Plus Tree Selection Based on Comprehensive Traits of Chaenomeles speciosa

在皱皮木瓜3个主产地湖北长阳、浙江淳安以及安徽宣城的10年生林分中,利用优势木对比法初选候选优树125株,对其生长、结实、果实品质等22个性状指标进行测定,研究主要经济性状的变异特征及相关性,确立典型性状进行优树选择。结果表明:除果基凹陷程度、果肉总酸质量分数性状外,其他性状在产地间和产地内均差异极显著(P<0.01),果长、果径、果肉含水率及总酸质量分数变异系数相对较小,而果脐长、种子数及种子鲜质量变异系数较大;通过相关性分析与评价,选择出14个典型性状,包括3个生长与产量性状、6个种实表型性状以及5个果实品质性状;根据典型性状,利用主成分分析法得到候选优树的综合得分,以10%的入选率最终选择出综合性状表现优良的皱皮木瓜优树12株。

In three main producing areas of Chaenomeles speciosa including Changyang,Chun＇an and Xuancheng,we selected125 candidate trees in 10-year-old stand by dominant comparative method,and measured 22 traits including growth,fruiting,fruit quality and so on to study the variation of main economic traits and their correlations,then established the typical traits to assist plus trees selection. In addition to fruit base trait and total acid content of pulp trait,all other traits were in the very significant differences（ P〈0.01） among or in producing areas. Coefficients of variation（ CV） of fruit length,fruit diameter,water content and total acid content of pulp were small,however,CV of fruit navel,seed number and seed fresh weight were big correspondingly. We selected 14 typical traits by correlation analysis and evaluation,including 3 growth and yield traits,6 seed ant fruit phenotypic traits,and 5 fruit quality traits. We calculated the comprehensive scores of the candidate trees by principal component analysis based on typical traits,and then selected 12 plus trees with excellent traits finally at 10% selection rate.