3种药剂对栗实象甲防治效果及安全性评价

Control Effect on Curculio davidi and Safety Evaluation of Three Kinds of Pesticides

利用5.0%噻虫啉100倍液、1.2%阿维菌素100倍液和25.0%灭幼脲100倍液对栗实象甲（Curculio david）进行野外防治试验,并通过检测施药后的蒙古栎（Quecus mongolica）叶片总蛋白质量分数、POD活性和叶绿素质量分数,以及土壤过氧化氢酶活性和微生物呼吸作用,评价3种药剂的安全性。结果表明：橡子被害率最低的是25.0%灭幼脲100倍液处理,在7、8月份分别为55.22%和62.78%;幼虫死亡率最高的是5.0%噻虫啉100倍液处理,在7、8月份分别为33.30%和22.86%;2种药剂在注药15 d后可达到较高的杀虫效果。3种药剂对蒙古栎叶片生理及土壤环境影响较小,同对照氧化乐果相比,3种药剂提高了叶片的总蛋白质量分数、POD活性和叶绿素质量分数;对土壤过氧化氢酶的抑制不明显,在处理56 d时基本恢复正常;除了灭幼脲处理的土壤中微生物CO2释放量在培养7-14 d时降低了34.56%,其他2种药剂与清水对照基本一致。

Experiments in the field were conducted on Curculio davidi Fairmaire control by 100 times of 5.0% thiacloprid,1.2%abamectin and 25.0% chlorbenzuron,and the safety of three pesticides was evaluated through detecting the catalase activities and respiration of oil treated by the pesticides. The damage rate of acorns was the lowest under the control of 100 times of 25.0% chlorbenzuron,55.22% and 62.78% in July and August,respectively. The mortality rate was the lowest under the control of 100 times of 5.0% thiacloprid,33.30% and 22.86% in July and August,respectively. Two pesticides have faster conduction and the insecticidal effect after 15-day injection. Three pesticides have less influence on the physiology of leaves of Quecus mongolica and soil environment. Compared with the control of omethoate,three pesticides increased the total protein contents,POD activities and chlorophyll contents of leaves. The inhibition of three pesticides on the catalase was not obvious,and the catalase activities were almost returned on the 56 th day. The CO2 release rate of microbe in soil treated with chlorbenzuron was reduced by 34.56%,and others kept the consistent level with control.