明代福建南靖县的外来移民及其宗族建构初探——基于族谱文献的考察

Study on Immigrants and Their Clan in Ming Dynasty of Nanjing County, Fujian Province

从族谱资料来看,明代福建南靖县的外来移民主要有两类:一是明初以官方"移徙"形式迁来的移民,一是明永乐以后迁来的"流民"或"逃户"。这些移民主要来自闽西山区的汀州府,迁入时间主要集中于明初。他们在编入当地户籍或取得附籍资格,并拥有一定的资产及人丁后,就着手宗族建构,通过设族田、建祠堂、修族谱等方面的努力进行宗族组织建构。这些外来移民及其宗族组织的发展,对于明代南靖地方的开发及经济、文教的发展有着积极影响。

Them＇re two types of immigrants in Nanjing County of Fujian Province in Ming Dynasty, including the immigrants at the beginning of Ming Dynasty and the refugees or escaping families after the reign of Emperor Yongle of Ming Dynasty. In terms of the emigrating place, they mainly came from mountainous areas of western Fujian, such as Tingzhou and so on. In terms of the immigrating time, they came here mostly during the reign of Emperor Hongwu of Ming Dynasty. After they attained the local household registration or the qualifications of transient residence and had a certain amount of property and population, they set about organizing the clan by setting the lineage estate, building the ancestral temple and making the genealogy. These immigrants, together with the development of their clan organizations,had a positive effect on the development of economy, culture and education in Nanjing in Ming Dynasty.